First, the principles that must be followed in the effective integration of information technology and primary school mathematics classroom.
1, the use of information technology should be conducive to activating learning motivation.
When introducing new lessons, we must concentrate students' attention, stimulate their interest, make clear the requirements of learning objectives, and make psychological preparations for learning new knowledge well. Information technology, which integrates sound, image and animation, is vivid and has unparalleled advantages in attracting students' attention and interest in learning.
For example, in the teaching of "Cone Understanding", multimedia means are used to show the physical drawings of the cone top of the building, mechanical parts, farmers' grain piles and crane coal piles, so that students can realize that the cone is around us; Then use the right triangle to rotate the adult, so that students can understand the formation process of the cone. On this basis, the non-essential attributes are removed, and the * * * nature of the cone is abstracted, which arouses students' desire to know the cone and explore its characteristics.
2. The application of information technology should help to reveal the essence of teaching content.
Information technology has some functions that other teaching methods can't do, such as intuitive and dynamic demonstration. It can vividly present the phenomenon of things, specifically express the development process of things, vividly reveal the law of things' changes, and subtly reveal the essence of things, so as to achieve the best teaching effect.
For example, in the teaching process of "understanding the circle", "What determines the position and size of the circle?" After the students finish painting a picture. Using information technology, dots appear one after another in different positions on the big screen, and then circles appear one after another ... "The position of the circle is determined by the position of the center of the circle!" " Be clear at a glance. Then demonstrate the radii of different lengths with the center of the circle as the endpoint on the screen, and then correspondingly appear circles of different sizes. "The size of a circle is determined by its radius length." Be patient. Teachers don't need more languages, but with the help of information technology, they skillfully reveal the essence of teaching content and show the contents that are difficult to express clearly and vividly to students.
3. The application of information technology should be conducive to highlighting key points, breaking through difficulties and solving doubts.
In primary school mathematics teaching, a large number of illustrations with various forms and rich contents are an important part of the teaching materials, but the illustrations are static and can only reflect the results of changes in things or the moments of activities. If static illustrations create dynamic situations with the help of information technology and show the whole process of development with bright colors and vivid pictures, it can not only break through the difficulties, but also promote the thinking orientation from fuzzy to clear.
When teaching axisymmetric graphics, information technology can vividly reproduce the process that the graphics of butterflies, dragonflies, phoenix leaves and window grilles completely overlap along a line, which can make students have an intuitive understanding of the definition of axisymmetric. For rectangle, square, equilateral triangle and regular octagon, there are several symmetry axes; There are some key points, difficulties and doubts about whether a parallelogram is an axisymmetric figure. Students use the definition to judge whether it is controversial by drawing, folding, comparing and discussing, and then use multimedia playback to rotate and fold the definition, so that students can deeply perceive the existence and quantity of symmetry axes, thus making the problem easy to solve and the definition deepened. Make full use of the advantages of multimedia, timely inspiration and guidance, optimize the teaching process, and successfully solve the key points and difficulties of the course.
4, the use of information technology should be conducive to the development of thinking.
The cognitive characteristics of primary school students are the transition from image thinking to abstract thinking. In order to make students understand abstract mathematical concepts, it is necessary to provide students with necessary perceptual materials to think with the help of concrete images or representations of things, so as to gradually understand and master knowledge. Information technology can visualize, concretize and visualize the content of plane language, which is helpful to the development of abstract thinking ability and the training of knowledge and skills.
For example, in the derivation of "area formula of a circle", several equal parts of a circle are put together to form a plane figure. The students put their hands together, Kan Kan talked about the discussion, and soon came to the conclusion that they can make a parallelogram, which is not similar to "they can make an approximate rectangle". If information technology is used to demonstrate the process of dividing a circle into several equal parts and dynamically present the difficulty in students' understanding-the process of changing the length of an approximate rectangle from a curve to a straight line, it will be easier to understand the truth that "the more average points, the closer the spliced figure is to a rectangle", and the derivation of the area formula will come naturally. Then stimulate the imagination to innovate other spelling, hands-on operation, multimedia demonstration and abstract generalization formulas. The operation and demonstration of information technology create conditions for students' thinking leap, effectively promote the development of students' abstract thinking ability and improve their innovative thinking ability.
5. The application of information technology is conducive to improving classroom efficiency.
Information technology provides an extended classroom and a miniature society, so that students can no longer touch simple written materials, but can observe their shapes, smell their voices and know their meanings. It increases the capacity of classroom information, enhances the flexibility of teachers to master teaching information and expands the communication channels between teachers and students. Realize the comprehensive, effective and timely feedback and correction of classroom teaching, and improve classroom efficiency.
For example, when teaching "Understanding of Yuan, Jiao and Fen" and "Understanding of Kilogram and Gram", we should use simulation teaching courseware to create a "virtual supermarket". Students can act as "salespeople", click on food and weigh it on the scale, and calculate the amount according to the unit price. You can also be a "customer", spend money on shopping, and calculate how much you need to buy and how much a "salesman" needs to change. In the meantime, students actively participate in the interaction, and naturally integrate what they have learned with real life through information technology, which shortens the distance between the content of teaching materials and life experience, not only improves students' ability to solve practical problems, but also improves the efficiency of classroom teaching.
Second, information technology and primary school mathematics classroom should avoid misunderstandings.
1: Pay more attention to advanced technology than actual effect.
Information technology is a tool to serve the classroom. If you blindly pursue "high technology": excessive use of dazzling animation, beautiful music, colorful videos and so on. It will only make students pay more attention to those wonderful pictures and music unintentionally, but can't concentrate on the essence of these pictures and music-teaching content, and the effect is often counterproductive.
2. Pay more attention to modern means than traditional teaching methods.
Although information technology has incomparable advantages over other media, some special functions of other traditional media can not be ignored. In fact, any teaching media has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, projection, the static display function of slide show and the function of enlarging the real scene, and the spatial structure function of teaching model all have their good teaching functions, and some even cannot be completely replaced by information technology. As for the cultivation of students' practical operation ability, those skills that can be formed through school tool operation or practical operation are more easily ignored because of the intervention of information technology.
3, heavy mechanical demonstration, light leading communication.
Due to the limitation of information technology ability, the interaction of courseware is not strong, so many classrooms have become teachers trying to lead students' ideas to established computer programs. In essence, "teacher-centered" teaching thought has evolved into "computer-centered" teaching thought. Classroom teaching process is an organic bilateral activity composed of teaching and learning. In this process, teachers need to adjust the teaching plan in time according to different situations. Teachers' proper and concise explanation, organized and necessary blackboard writing, timely operation demonstration, kind words, heartfelt smiles and simple gestures play an important role in improving teaching effect, which is irreplaceable by information technology. If teaching ideas are dominated by information technology too much, and our good teaching style is lost by the procedures of information technology demonstration, then we will eventually lose the advantages of information technology teaching.
4. Pay more attention to knowledge presentation than thinking cultivation.
The characteristic of information technology is that it can turn static into dynamic and abstract into image. At present, many mathematics courseware are keen on how to make the teaching content more intuitive and simple, focusing on imparting knowledge to students, mainly showing what students need to think, ignoring the cultivation of students' positive thinking habits and abstract thinking quality. In this way, students' abstract generalization ability will decline, imagination space will be limited, and abstract thinking will be suppressed. The long-term past is extremely unfavorable to the re-learning of mathematics.
The emerging multimedia teaching is a modern teaching method with strong times and vitality. Only when we math teachers deeply understand the essence of modern educational technology, rationally use modern teaching methods, foster strengths and avoid weaknesses, can we really give full play to the advantages of multimedia teaching, effectively integrate information technology and math teaching, and make information technology better serve the improvement of teaching quality.