General math anxiety. Participants conducted a questionnaire survey consisting of three parts. The first part is the revised version of the revised Mathematical Anxiety Scale (Modified Mars-R; Hopko, 2003). Mathematical Anxiety Scale revised by Placke and Parker (1982) (Mars suinn；; Richardson, 1972). Hopko analyzed every factor for MARS-R 8 15 participants. According to the results of factor analysis, Hopko reduced 24 mars-r by 12. There is a strong correlation between the modified MARS-R and the original MARS-R (r=0. 97，P & lt0。 00 1)。