Zu Chongzhi in the Southern Dynasties was a famous mathematician and astronomer in ancient China. He used and developed the "secant circle method" created by predecessors, and determined the values of pi for the first time in the world as 3. 14 15926 and 3. 14 108. This achievement is nearly a thousand years ahead of the world.
2. Jia Sixie in the Northern Dynasties was a famous agronomist in the history of China. Qi Shu is China's first complete agricultural scientific work, which occupies an important position in the world agricultural history. The Book of Qi Yaomin summarizes the long-term accumulated production experience of the northern people and introduces the production techniques and methods of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, sideline and fishery.
People's education edition eighth grade history knowledge points II. Calligraphy art:
(1) The time when calligraphy gradually became an art: the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
(2) Evolution: During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the font of calligraphy changed from seal script and official script to regular script, and cursive script and running script gradually became popular.
(3) Book Sage: Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, a master of calligraphy, whose words are fresh and beautiful, or "floating like a cloud, agile as a dragon", and his masterpiece Preface to Lanting is known as "the best calligraphy in the world". Wang Xizhi was called "the sage of books" by later generations.
People's education printing plate three or eight grades history knowledge points. Painting: The art of painting developed greatly in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and Gu Kaizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was the best. Representative works include A History of Women and A Picture of Luoshen.
Grottoes art: In order to promote Buddhism, the rulers of the Northern Dynasties dug grottoes and carved Buddha statues. Yungang Grottoes near Pingcheng, Datong, Shanxi and Longmen Grottoes near Luoyang, Henan are two famous grottoes.
1. Opening of the Grand Canal:
(1) Time and Person: Since 605, Emperor Yang Di has opened a Grand Canal running through the north and south.
(2) The Canal is divided into three parts: The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty is centered on Luoyang, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, reaching Zhuo Jun in the north and Yuhang in the south. This is the longest canal in the ancient world.
(3) The Grand Canal in Sui Dynasty is divided into four sections: Yongji Canal, Tongji Canal, Hanjiang River and Jiangnan, and is connected with five rivers: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River.
(4) The opening function of the Grand Canal: ① Strengthening the north-south traffic; (2) consolidated the rule of the Sui Dynasty; (3) greatly promoted the economic exchanges between the north and the south of China.
People's Education Edition Eighth Grade History Knowledge Points 4, Sui and Tang Dynasties
1. Sui Dynasty perished: 6 18. Emperor Yang Di was killed in Jiangdu and the Sui Dynasty perished.
2. The establishment of the Tang Dynasty: In June18, Li Yuan set up an army in Taiyuan to resist Sui Dynasty and entered Chang 'an to establish the Tang Dynasty.
3. Wu Zetian and her rule: The only female emperor in China history was Wu Zetian, who proclaimed herself emperor in her later years and changed her name to Zhou. During her reign, she continued to carry out the policy of developing agricultural production and selecting talents, which further developed the society of the Tang Dynasty and enhanced the national strength. She is called her rule "open the door to politics and govern macro-honesty".
People's education edition 8 th grade history knowledge points 5 and 4. Zhenguan rule: Emperor Taizong attached importance to developing production and reducing farmers' tax service; Pay attention to appointing talented people and accept counseling with an open mind. He appointed Du Ruhui, who was resourceful and good at breaking great events, as Prime Minister and called him "Fang Mou Du Duan". Wei Zhi, who dares to speak out, is regarded as a famous admonisher. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, the politics was relatively clear, the economy developed rapidly, and the national strength gradually increased. Historically, the rule at that time was called "the rule of chastity".