Keywords: interest method conditions Text: Marxism believes that human nature is subjective and dynamic. Students are the subjects of personality cognition, practice and self-development. 2 1 century is a century of lifelong learning, and people who can't learn independently will be illiterate. Changing students' learning style, from passive acceptance to active inquiry learning, is one of the focuses of this new curriculum reform. To realize the change of students' learning style, autonomous learning is the foundation.
The so-called autonomous learning is a relatively passive learning, mechanical learning and others-centered learning in terms of the inherent quality of learning. Autonomous learning means that you can study effectively without relying on the help of others. It is a comprehensive ability, which mainly includes the following factors: conscious and active learning enthusiasm; Methods and skills of autonomous learning (including being good at collecting data, analyzing, recording and sorting out data); The habit of independent study; Able to conduct small and simple exploratory and confirmatory experiments. People with this ability have a strong thirst for knowledge and can arrange their own studies reasonably. Have the spirit of hard study, and be able to make a scientific evaluation with your own learning effect.
First, stimulate learning interest and protect learning enthusiasm.
Interest is the best teacher, and learning with enthusiasm can get twice the result with half the effort. This is a universal truth in teaching, especially for students' autonomous learning. In mathematics teaching activities, if students have no interest and enthusiasm for learning, it is impossible to actively acquire knowledge and form abilities. Generally speaking, primary school students have an innate interest in new things. However, the will quality of primary school students is not perfect enough. To keep learning interest and enthusiasm for a long time, teachers need active training and careful care. 1. Be a democratic teacher and create a democratic teaching atmosphere. Rebuilding a harmonious, democratic and equal relationship between teachers and students is an important task of curriculum reform, and it is also the environmental basis for stimulating students' interest in learning and protecting their enthusiasm. Teachers should truly respect students' dominant position, strive to create a relaxed and happy learning atmosphere, advocate children's unrestrained words, and advocate that children can think freely and be in a free and relaxed state of mind. Only in this way can our students take the initiative to learn, and our classroom teaching can stimulate vigorous vitality. 2. Caring for every student and awakening students' subjective consciousness. Teaching without emotion is a failure. Starting from the sense of mission of being highly responsible for students, teachers care for every student, always regulate their teaching behavior from the aspects of language, manners and actions, and give children more appreciative eyes, warm encouragement and implied support, which can add excitement to students and make them feel the strong care and trust of teachers, thus sprouting enthusiasm for participation and actively learning from the deep heart. 3. Carry out some learning competitions and activities. Pupils are strong and like to express themselves in various activities. Therefore, activities and competitions are good ways to stimulate students' interest in learning. Teachers can also strengthen the integration between disciplines and organize some learning activities. In addition to the traditional integration with music discipline (singing) and art discipline (painting), we should pay more attention to the integration with information technology at present, and the mathematics network course in the computer room is a typical example. It should be noted that teachers should properly handle the relationship between students' autonomy and teachers' organization in activities and competitions, and should not be arbitrary, arranged and let go. If students are the protagonists and actors in activities and competitions, then teachers should actively play the role of producers. 4. Establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation system. Scientific and reasonable evaluation can help students, encourage them, give them confidence and give them greater interest and enthusiasm in learning. In the evaluation, we should not only pay attention to the results of learning, but also pay attention to the learning process and the individual development of students, reduce the horizontal comparison between students and actively advocate the vertical comparison of students' self. In addition, we should not only pay attention to students' learning level, but also pay attention to students' emotional attitude in the learning process. Teachers should use inspiring language more, praise students sincerely, let students experience the happiness of success constantly, and let students have confidence in mathematics learning. Teachers should also improve their professional ability and evaluate students more scientifically; Improve their moral cultivation, pay attention to methods in evaluation, allow students to have unique views and protect their enthusiasm.
Second, teach learning methods and develop good study habits.
Interest is only an inducement, a kind of motivation. The key to make students truly form the ability of autonomous learning is to teach students the methods of learning mathematics, so that students can form study habits in various practical activities. If students can gradually understand, acquire and accumulate some good learning methods, develop some good study habits, and even learn to learn mathematics in a way that suits them, they will truly have the ability of autonomous learning. For mathematics courses, the commonly used learning methods and habits should be developed as follows: 1. Einstein once said that it is often more important to ask a problem than to solve it. The process of asking questions is a process of positive thinking. Questioning can change students' passive position in learning, make students become active and develop their autonomous learning ability comprehensively and efficiently. In teaching, teachers should be good at using all kinds of questioning methods according to the characteristics of teaching materials, strive to create problem situations, eliminate psychological obstacles for students to ask questions, provide questioning opportunities and teach questioning methods. From the perspective of autonomous learning, this refers to students' ability to participate in cooperative learning and discussion. Specifically, it includes: daring to take the initiative to speak, accustomed to speaking after careful consideration, good at expressing clearly, and willing to absorb the beneficial views of peers to improve understanding. It is an important method and habit of autonomous learning to actively participate in the discussion in the learning process and participate in the dialogue among the text, teachers and study companions. It is hard to imagine that children who can't hear passionate words and see excited faces in class will have the ability and habit of autonomous learning. Teachers should creatively think of some ways to face all students, mobilize all children to participate in the discussion and be the masters of learning. 2. Make a study plan. It is an important sign of students' autonomous learning ability to make a suitable study plan and realize their learning goals according to the study plan, which is especially important for students to form the habit and ability of lifelong learning. In traditional receptive learning, students do not need to make their own learning plans, because all learning activities are under the control of teachers, and students only passively complete the learning tasks set by teachers. Teachers should pay attention to guiding students to make learning plans when they change from accepting learning to autonomous learning. First, what study plan should be made, such as the study plan of each unit and the plan of mid-term and final review, including the study content, time arrangement, implementation measures, completion, self-summary evaluation and so on. After the plan is made, teachers should always remind and urge and mobilize parents to help students successfully complete the study plan. I will make use of all kinds of learning resources, especially the computer network. Life is an extension of mathematics learning, and the learning resources of mathematics courses are very rich. Teachers should guide students to form the habit of listening to all directions and looking around, and cultivate students' ability to collect useful information by using learning resources according to the learning theme. In today's information age, it is particularly important to use computer network, a resource enjoyed by people on the earth. Teachers can often take students into the computer room, log on to useful learning websites and teach students the skills of surfing the Internet. If conditions permit, teachers can also make some special learning web pages by themselves or with students, so that students can enjoy it.
Third, create learning conditions and build a platform for autonomous learning.
The new curriculum standard points out that the classroom should not be a monologue, but a communication between two subjects, a free, open and personalized dialogue between teachers and students, between students and between teachers and students and texts. Students are the masters of learning activities. Students' cognitive structure and good psychological quality are not entirely taught by others, but mainly cultivated by themselves. Therefore, in classroom teaching, we must ensure that students have enough time to participate effectively, and to ensure their effective participation, we must expand the scope of participation, cultivate students' good ability to participate, and make students' autonomous learning be implemented. 1, try to participate in listening.
Psychology shows that when people notice something, the cerebral cortex will produce a dominant excitation center. At this time, nerve cells are the most excited and people have the strongest ability to accept, so students should be helped to learn how to listen. When listening, you should concentrate, understand, think while listening, remember while listening, and grasp the key points. Understand the law from listening, understand the relationship from listening, and understand the truth from listening. For example, in the usual teaching, I often use oral application questions for students to analyze; Dictate concepts and let students judge; Let the students calculate the oral test; While training students' listening, it also cultivates students' agility of thinking, which lays a good foundation for active learning. 2. Try to watch.
Reading and self-study is an important means for students to acquire knowledge, form skills, enhance understanding and help consolidate. But primary school students are often eager for success, only looking at the results, not the process; All I know is that I don't know why. Therefore, cultivating reading ability is a very complicated systematic project, which can't be accomplished overnight. This requires us to take different training according to different textbooks and students of different ages, such as speaking before watching, practicing before watching, watching before discussing, and talking while watching. For example, when I teach the meaning of fractions, I first organize a large number of examples to summarize the concepts, then let the students read books, and then discuss why the unit 1 needs double quotation marks. When teaching decimals to multiply decimals, I ask students to read books first and then put forward.
All these questions have answers in the book. Students cultivate the depth of thinking in reading and thinking. Step 3 try to participate in sports
Primary school mathematics is an abstract logic subject. The thinking of primary school students often begins with action. Therefore, in teaching, I also pay attention to designing students' operations and teachers' demonstrations, so that students can actively think in their hands and become masters of exploring knowledge and discovering laws.
Find the average value of teaching foundation.
When applying problems, I think the most important thing in the first class is to let students establish an average on the basis of understanding.
The basic idea, and then get the average law. However, because the example in the textbook is to find the average height of six students, it is impossible to demonstrate the operation, and the students understand it abstractly. I changed the static teaching content into a dynamic thinking process, and designed three pieces of paper with 3, 8 and 10 squares (each piece of paper has the same length and is marked) to inspire students to observe and think, actually cut and demonstrate.
. Students intuitively understand from the above process that the average value is
Move several numbers of different sizes to make up for the deficiency.
Let them understand the general image.
Teachers create conditions, give students opportunities to participate in teachers' teaching activities, avoid teachers' excessive one-way teaching, better reflect students' dominant position, expand students' participation, and effectively cultivate students' autonomous learning ability.