Archimedes was born in Syracuse, Sicily, at the southern tip of the Italian peninsula in 287 BC. Father is a mathematician and astronomer. Archimedes had a good family upbringing since childhood. 1 1 years old, was sent to study in Alexandria, the cultural center of Greece. In this famous city known as the "Capital of Wisdom", Archimedes Job collected books and learned a lot of knowledge, and became a protege of Euclid students erato Sese and Cannon, studying geometric elements.

Later, Archimedes became a great scholar who was both a mathematician and a mechanic, enjoying the reputation of "the father of mechanics". The reason is that he discovered the lever principle through a lot of experiments, and then deduced many lever propositions through geometric derivation and gave strict proofs. Among them is the famous Archimedes principle, and he has also made brilliant achievements in mathematics. Although there are only a dozen works by Archimedes, most of them are geometric works, which have played a decisive role in promoting the development of mathematics.

Sand Calculation is a book devoted to the study of calculation methods and theories. Archimedes wanted to calculate the number of grains of sand in a big sphere full of the universe. He used a very strange imagination, established a new counting method of order of magnitude, determined a new unit, and put forward a model to represent any large number, which is closely related to logarithmic operation.

Using circumscribed circle and 96-plane inscribed circle to measure the circle, the pi is obtained as follows: