Answering skills of multiple-choice questions in mathematics for senior high school entrance examination 1
First, the special interpretation of the senior high school entrance examination
Multiple-choice questions are one of the compulsory questions in the senior high school entrance examination. The number of multiple-choice questions is stable at 8 ~ 14, which shows that multiple-choice questions have irreplaceable importance.
The multiple-choice questions are small and the answers are concise; Strong adaptability and flexible solution; The characteristics of strong concept and wide knowledge coverage are conducive to assessing students' basic knowledge and strengthening their ability to analyze and judge and solve practical problems.
Second, problem-solving strategies and solutions.
The basic principles of solving multiple-choice questions are: make full use of the characteristics of multiple-choice questions, make a mountain out of a molehill, make a mountain out of a molehill skillfully and avoid making a mountain out of a molehill.
The basic idea of solving multiple-choice questions is not only to see the solution ideas of various conventional questions, but also to see the particularity of multiple-choice questions. One and only one of the four branches of multiple choice questions in mathematics is correct, and it is not required to write the problem-solving process. Therefore, the choice of a word should be highlighted in the answer, and the process of writing problem-solving should be minimized. We should make full use of the information provided by the stem and the stem, and choose the solution flexibly, skillfully and quickly according to the specific characteristics of the stem, so as to gain wisdom quickly. This is the basic strategy to solve multiple-choice questions. In specific solutions, firstly, consider the root of the problem and explore the results; The second is to consider the problem stem and select branches together, or to examine whether the problem stem condition is met from the choice of expenditure. In fact, the latter is more commonly used and effective in answering multiple-choice questions.
Answering skills of multiple-choice questions in mathematics for senior high school entrance examination II
First, the characteristics of multiple-choice questions
Characteristics of multiple-choice questions: it is an objective question and a single-choice question. Only one conclusion in the options is correct, and there is no need to solve the problem, as long as you make a quick and accurate judgment with appropriate methods.
The principle of solving multiple-choice questions: accurate, fast, fast and economical, avoid making a mountain out of a molehill, do it as skillfully as possible, and emphasize "choosing" rather than "doing".
General strategies to solve multiple-choice questions;
1) Carefully examine the topic and thoroughly understand the meaning of the topic: understand the concepts, formulas and theorems needed in the topic; When looking for the breakthrough of the topic, fully tap the implicit conditions in the topic;
2) Repeated analysis, eliminating the false and retaining the true: Pay special attention to the wrong filtering options such as special circumstances and boundary values.
3) Grasp the key points and make a comprehensive analysis: find a breakthrough from the key points, turn the difficult into the easy, and simplify the complex.
4) Repeated and careful inspection: In order to prevent incomplete thinking, it is necessary to go back and check once.
Solve the taboo in multiple-choice questions;
1) When you see a problem, bury your head in calculation, and solve it according to the problem-solving ideas, first get the result, and then compare it with the options.
2) Guess an answer at will.
Second, the common problem-solving skills of multiple-choice questions
1, 1 direct method (deductive method):
Definition: directly from the conditions of the topic, using related concepts, definitions, axioms, theorems, properties, formulas, etc. Use the correct problem-solving method, get the correct conclusion through strict reasoning and accurate operation, and then make corresponding choices according to the options given in the topic. This method is called direct method. It is a basic, important and commonly used method, which generally involves the analysis of concepts and properties or the direct method is often used for simple operations.
Summary: The method of directly solving multiple-choice questions is consistent with the thinking and procedural methods of solving multiple-choice questions, but the difference is that solving multiple-choice questions does not require a writing process, which creates a space for us to answer multiple-choice questions flexibly, that is, under the premise of rigorous reasoning and accurate calculation, we can simplify the steps of solving problems and simplify calculations. Then, on the premise of investigating the known conditions and options of the problem, we can gain insight into the essence of the problem and find the best way to solve it, so as to solve the problem simply, accurately and quickly.
Requirements: Have a comprehensive understanding of formulas, axioms, theorems and concepts, and be proficient in the derivation and application of formulas.
Key points: optimize the thinking of solving problems as much as possible and strive to make a mountain out of a molehill.
1 2 exclusion method
Definition: Use the characteristics of multiple-choice questions: the answer is unique, discard the false and retain the true, and discard the wrong answer that does not meet the requirements of the topic. There are two ways:
1) From the known conditions, observe, analyze or reason the information provided by each option, and eliminate the wrong options one by one, so as to draw a correct conclusion. This method is called exclusion.
2) Starting from the options, according to the relationship between conditions and options, through analysis, reasoning, calculation, judgment, screening options, gradually narrowing the scope and getting the correct results. This is called inversion.
When there are multiple conditions, the exclusion method is usually used. First, according to some known conditions, find out the contradictory options and eliminate them. Then, according to other known conditions, find out the contradictory options among the remaining options and eliminate them until the correct option is obtained.
Summary: Exclusion method is generally suitable for problems that are not easy to be solved by direct method. The main feature of exclusion method is that it can quickly limit the scope of choice, thus making the goal more clear and avoiding making a mountain out of a molehill. Careful and comprehensive observation and profound and appropriate analysis are the premise of solving multiple-choice questions, and special attention should be paid to solving problems by exclusion, otherwise the correct options may be excluded and mistakes may be made. When there are multiple conditions in the topic, first find out the obvious contradiction in the selected branch according to some conditions and deny it, and then find out the contradiction in the narrowed range of the selected branch according to other conditions, so as to gradually eliminate it until the correct choice is obtained.
Requirements: Make a careful and comprehensive analysis of the conditions for the question.
1 3 equivalent transformation method
Definition: according to the conditions and requirements of the topic, the topic is transformed into an easy-to-answer way to solve. It is particularly prominent in solving the application problems related to permutation and combination.
Summary: Sometimes, in order to reduce complexity, some variables are transformed as a whole.
1, 4 definition method
Definition: Answer according to the definition of the knowledge involved in the topic, so regression definition is an important strategy to solve the problem.
Summary: Pay attention to the establishment conditions or constraints of the definition, and master the derivation and proof process of the definition at ordinary times.
For example:
In the definition of triangle, the sum of any two sides is required to be greater than the length of the other side, so it can be judged that three numbers can still form a triangle through this definition constraint.
Divide an irregular figure into several equal parts: consider from the area formula.
1 5 intuitive judgment method
Definition: Through the accumulation of usual practice, you can judge the answer to the question according to intuition. For example, when the area of a rectangle is smallest, what is the relationship between length and width? The straight line distance between two points is the shortest, and so on.
Key points: You need to accumulate more, observe more and summarize more.
Answering skills of multiple-choice questions in mathematics for senior high school entrance examination 3
1, standardized test questions vulnerability
In addition to using knowledge points, use the inherent loopholes in multiple-choice questions to do the questions. Remember, all multiple-choice questions, questions or answers must have tips for doing the questions. Because first of all, we have to admit that this problem can be done. As long as the problem can be done, there must be hints.
1) has options. Using the relationship between the options, we can judge whether the answer is positive or negative. If the meanings of the two options are completely opposite, there must be a correct answer.
2) There is only one answer. We all have this experience. We didn't know anything at that time, but we would understand when we saw the answer. This option will generate a prompt. 3) Topic tips. The topic of multiple choice questions must be clearly stated. Everyone must use effective information in the process of reviewing the topic, and the topic itself has hints.
4) Use the interference option to do the problem. Except for the correct answer, all multiple-choice questions are interference options. Unless it is a random option, you can use the interference of the options to do the problem. Generally, questioners will not make an option at will, which is always related to the correct answer or may be the wrong result, so we can draw the correct conclusion with the help of this proposition process.
5) Multiple-choice questions only focus on the results, without considering the intermediate process, so we can boldly simplify the intermediate process in the process of solving problems.
6) multiple-choice questions must examine textbook knowledge. In the process of doing the problem, what knowledge can be judged to be related to the textbook? The option unrelated to this knowledge point can be ruled out immediately. So contact the textbook knowledge points to do the questions.
8) Multiple-choice questions must be made within a limited time, so when people spend a lot of time thinking wrong, it means that their thinking is wrong. Multiple choice questions must consist of a simple idea.
2. Methods and skills to answer multiple-choice questions
First, the direct method: according to the setting conditions of multiple-choice questions, through calculation, reasoning or judgment, it finally meets the requirements of the questions. This method of directly calculating, judging or reasoning according to known conditions to solve multiple-choice questions is called direct method.
Second, indirect method: indirect method is also called test method, exclusion method or screening method, and can be divided into conclusion exclusion method, special value exclusion method, step-by-step exclusion method and logical exclusion method.
1) conclusion exclusion method: return the four conclusions given in the topic to the original question one by one for verification, and eliminate the wrong ones until the correct answer is found. This method of answering multiple-choice questions by verifying the correctness of given conclusions one by one is called conclusion exclusion method.
2) Exclusion of special values: Some mathematical propositions involved in multiple-choice questions are related to the value range of letters. When solving this kind of problems, we can consider selecting some special values from the range of values, substituting them into the original proposition for verification, and then eliminating the wrong ones and keeping the correct ones. This method of solving problems is called special value exclusion.
3) Step-by-step elimination method: If we do it step by step instead of one step in the process of calculation or deduction, that is, we compare each step with four conclusions by "walking and watching" to eliminate the impossible, so that we may not be able to go to the last step and all three wrong conclusions will be eliminated.
4) Logical exclusion method: In the process of compiling multiple-choice questions, we should pay attention to the logical relationship between the answers of the four multiple-choice questions and try to avoid equivalence, inclusion and opposition, but in fact, some multiple-choice questions do not pay attention to these principles, thus producing a new multiple-choice answer method. It is a method to choose the correct answer by using the logical relationship between the four choice answers regardless of the known conditions of the topic. Of course, you can also get the correct answer by other exclusion methods.
The logical relationship used by the logical exclusion method is as follows:
If one of the four conclusions is = >; B, then we can rule out a. If A and B are equivalent propositions, that is, A.
If A and B are opposite, namely A.
The logical exclusion method should be used with caution, mainly because of the limited knowledge of propositions and logic in junior and middle schools, and also because of the proposition itself, which rarely solves problems.
In a word, among these methods, there are many problems using direct method and conclusion exclusion method.
5) Get the results by direct observation or by guessing and measuring. In recent years, this method is often used to explore the regularity of the senior high school entrance examination questions. The main solution to this kind of problem is incomplete induction, which can be solved by experiments, guesses, trial and error verification, and induction.
Third, the combination of numbers and shapes: it is to combine the quantitative relationship in the problem with the spatial graphics to think about the problem. The number and type are transformed into each other, which simplifies and solves the problem.
Fourth, the special value method: it is difficult to prove the correctness of some problems in theory, but it is easier to substitute some special values that satisfy the meaning of the questions and verify that it is wrong. At this time, we can solve the problem by this method.
Five, classification transformation method: in some way, unfamiliar problems are transformed into familiar problems, and complex problems are transformed into simple problems, so that problems can be solved.
6. Equation method: a method to solve problems by setting unknowns, finding equality relations, establishing equations and solving equations.
Seven, the actual operation method: In recent years, there have been some questions about paper folding and cutting. If we practice in the exam, we will get the answer easily.
8. Hypothetical method: there are many questions in the senior high school entrance examination, and there is no way to start. At this time, you can assume a situation first, and then rule out the impossible from this assumption and draw a correct conclusion.
These are some common ways to do multiple-choice questions. Students should always think and summarize. We should be good at grasping the characteristics of the topic and adopt flexible and diverse methods to find the answer quickly and accurately. In addition, there are some special questions that can be answered in other ways. For example:
Nine, drawing method: Some multiple-choice questions can make functional images or geometric figures through the functional relationship or geometric meaning of propositional conditions, and find the correct answer with the help of the intuition of images or figures. This method of applying "combination of numbers and shapes" to solve multiple choice questions in mathematics is called "drawing method".
Verification method: directly test the conditions of the conclusions in each selected branch, so as to select the answers that meet the meaning of the questions.
1 1. Definition method: a method to make a correct choice by using relevant definitions, concepts, theorems, axioms, etc.
Twelve, comprehensive method: in order to make a quick and correct judgment on multiple-choice questions, sometimes it is necessary to comprehensively use several methods introduced above.