Archimedes Archimedes is a mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor and astronomer in ancient Greece, and he is also called the three greatest mathematicians in the world with Newton and Gauss. Its hometown is in Syracuse, the ancient Greek city-state. The date of birth and death of Archimedes in Syracuse is relatively definite, which is different from other ancient Greek mathematicians. Tzetzes (about1110-180) recorded in the history books: "Archimedes, a wise man, was a famous mechanical manufacturer in ancient Syracuse, who studied geometry all his life and lived to be 75 years old." However, historians such as Li Wei (59 BC-AD 17) and counselors have different descriptions of Archimedes' death, but they always think that he was killed by Roman soldiers when Syracuse (Seleucus, Syracuse and Syracuse) fell (2 12 BC). In this way, he was born in 287 BC. There are not many records about Archimedes' life, and many of his academic achievements have been preserved through correspondence with scholars in Alexandria. He is considered as one of the greatest scientists in ancient Greece and one of the greatest scientists in human history. In his physical discoveries, he laid a great foundation for hydrostatics and statics. At the same time, he also explained the lever principle at the mathematical level. At the same time, Archimedes also made a fairly accurate calculation of pi. In addition to a spiral named after him ("archimedean spiral" is also called "constant velocity spiral"), he also created a formula about the surface of revolution and invented a unique system to represent the maximum number. Archimedean spiral's descendants spoke highly of Archimedes, and the mathematical historian Bell said, "Any list of the three greatest mathematicians in history will definitely include Archimedes, and the other two are usually Newton and Gauss. However, compared with their great achievements and background of the times, and their far-reaching influence on the present and future generations, Archimedes should be the first to be respected. Pliny even called Archimedes the god of mathematics. These excessive praises reflect the reverence for Archimedes by later generations. Archimedes died around Syracuse. Roman soldiers broke into Archimedes' house and saw an old man drawing on the ground in front of his house, studying geometric problems. Archimedes said, "Go away and don't touch my painting!" " The soldier was very angry, so he pulled out his knife and stabbed Archimedes. The Death of Archimedes No matter how Archimedes died, the most regrettable thing is Maceiras, commander-in-chief of the Roman army. Maceiras executed the soldier who killed Archimedes as a murderer. He held a grand funeral for Archimedes and built a mausoleum for Archimedes. According to Archimedes' wishes, the tombstone is engraved with the geometric figure of "carving the ball in the cylinder". Times have changed, and the ancient people in Syracuse did not know how to cherish this extraordinary monument. With the passage of time, Archimedes' mausoleum was lost in weeds. Later, Cicero, a famous Sicilian politician, went to Syracuse in ancient times to visit the great man's tomb. With the help of the sickle, they found a small cylinder with several balls and columns engraved on it. This long-forgotten solitary grave has finally been found, and the epitaph is still faintly visible. About half of them have been eroded by wind and rain. According to this, people realized that this was Archimedes' tomb and restored it. It is said that this cave is Archimedes' tomb again. In another two thousand years, with the passage of time, this tomb has disappeared without a trace. There is a man-made cave, about ten meters wide, with moss on its inner wall. It is said to be the tomb of Archimedes, but there is no sign to prove its authenticity, and it is reported from time to time that a real cemetery has been found, which is difficult to distinguish between true and false.