Graduation thesis can be divided into four categories: thematic, argumentative, comprehensive and comprehensive. Second, the specifications of graduation thesis: graduation thesis, master thesis and doctoral thesis. Third, graduation thesis: it is a thesis that college students discuss or solve a problem independently by using the knowledge of basic courses and professional courses they learned last semester. It is written after the initial experience of writing academic papers, and the topic is a little bigger and deeper than academic papers. Its basic standard should be: through graduation thesis, it can roughly reflect the author's academic level and ability to analyze and solve a basic problem in this discipline by using the basic knowledge learned in three or four years. Of course, its topic should not be too big, its content should not be too complicated, and it needs some originality, so that it can better analyze and solve problems that are not too complicated in the subject field. The length of undergraduate graduation thesis is generally more than six words. The graduation thesis of college graduates, if well written, can be used as a thesis for a bachelor's degree. The importance of topic selection can determine the value and utility of graduation thesis. Topic selection can plan the direction, angle and scale of the article, make up for the lack of knowledge reserve, and appropriate topic selection can ensure the smooth writing and improve the research ability. The principle of topic selection is to integrate theory with practice, pay attention to practical significance (practical value and theoretical value), and be diligent in thinking. Deliberately seeking novelty (from viewpoints, topics to materials to argumentation methods), using new materials to demonstrate old topics, so as to put forward new or local new viewpoints and opinions and question existing viewpoints, materials and research methods. Although you haven't put forward your own new ideas, you can inspire people to rethink. Moderate difficulty (you should fully estimate your knowledge reserve and ability to analyze problems, consider whether there are materials or sources, the difficulty of the topic should be moderate, and the size of the topic should be moderate). The specific method of topic selection is browsing capture method (classifying, sorting and combining all aspects of content obtained from reading, looking for problems, finding problems, comparing our own experiences in research with the materials respectively, and finding out which experiences are not or partially not available in the materials; What experience, although the information is available, but I have different views on it; What experiences and materials are basically the same; What experiences are deepened and developed on the basis of data, and so on. After several thoughtful thinking processes, it is easy to have your own ideas. Grasp this idea in time, and then do further thinking, and the goal of the topic will gradually become clear. The retrospective verification method (thinking first, then verifying through reading materials, and determining the method of topic selection) has selected the topic of graduation thesis, and theoretical preparation must be carried out. Otherwise, the accumulation of data and the formation of arguments and arguments will be lost. Theoretical preparation before graduation thesis writing is a guide to accumulate information. Theoretical preparation before graduation thesis writing is a necessary condition for the formation of arguments and arguments. In economics papers, we should first master the principles of economics and the knowledge of applied economics, including industrial economics, agricultural economics, business economics, finance, foreign trade economics, finance, enterprise management, etc., and also master the necessary methodological knowledge for studying economic phenomena, which mainly refers to the basic knowledge of quantitative analysis methods such as economic mathematics, statistics, accounting, computer application technology, etc. Without mastering the basic methods of quantitative analysis, it is difficult to successfully write an economics paper. 7. Methods of accumulating materials: statistical materials, typical cases, experience summary, etc. , the latest development of academic research on this topic at home and abroad, the information of marginal disciplines, and the related expositions of celebrities. Analyze the relevant policy documents and collect the social, political and economic background information of the author at that time: applicability, comprehensiveness, authenticity, novelty and typicality. When drafting the structural outline, we should have a global concept, check the position and role of each part in the paper from a global perspective, decide the choice of materials, and discard materials that have nothing to do with the theme or have little to do with it without regret. Although these materials are collected with a lot of hard work, we should consider the logical relationship between the parts. 9. Form arguments and arguments because people's understanding can't be completed at one time. Even if a new viewpoint appears, it looks perfect at that time, but with the passage of time, people's understanding level will always find the shortcomings of the original viewpoint. Therefore, it can be said that most of the existing research results have left a supplementary research topic for future generations. Supplementary argument is the affirmation and development of previous research results, while corrective argument is the negation and revision of existing research results. This kind of rectification argument includes two aspects, on the one hand, it is a revision of the general theory (that is, popular opinions or viewpoints), on the other hand, it is a revision of the shortcomings of some emerging viewpoints. In the literature review (see word document for details) /Inc/xinxi zongshuxiezo. doc, the author does not aim at introducing his own research work (achievements), but at related topics. Through the investigation of a large number of existing documents, the research background, present situation and development trend of related topics are systematically summarized (introduced and evaluated). Literature review is based on literature research; The writing of literature review has laid a solid foundation for the writing of graduation (design) thesis. Descriptive document used to introduce and prove the research purpose, significance, function and goal of the proposed project (project). The purpose is to elaborate, review and determine the theme (topic) of the paper. Generally, it can include the following contents: 1) the purpose and significance of the topic, 2) the development status and trends at home and abroad, 3) the content of the topic, the methods and means to be adopted, 4) the expected level and the required scientific research conditions, 5) the workload and work schedule, and the four scientific characteristics of the paper-reliable content, accurate data and repeatable experiments. Creativity-in principle, you can't repeat other people's work, you can improve it, but you can't copy it. Logic-clear thinking, rigorous structure, reasonable derivation and standardized arrangement. Validity-published or defended by peers. Academics-summarize and demonstrate things abstractly, describe the essence of things, and show the professionalism and systematicness of content. Different from scientific reports and popular science articles, it is necessary to discuss the simplicity of written language. Pay attention to the style of writing to avoid colloquialism, avoid simplified words that you are used to, and use standardized written language; Use the first person carefully; Check carefully to make every sentence concise and accurate; Pay attention to spelling and typographical errors; Don't ignore the font, layout, illustration layout and other sections; The title and serial number must be clear and avoid hierarchical arrangement. General structure of an academic paper (GB77 13-87) Title, author and unit abstract Keyword Introduction (Preface) Text conclusion Refer to appendix materials. The title of the paper reflects the specific content of the article with concise and appropriate phrases, and it is clear that the title of the article is short and does not exceed 20 words. Avoid using unfamiliar abbreviations, abbreviations and formulas and other short statements about the contents of abstract articles, which are independent and complete without comments and easy to retrieve. Generally, it includes: the purpose and significance of the research, the content of the research, the problems solved, the main achievements and their significance; Small Summary (200-300 words) Sparrows are small and complete. The abstract (about 600 words) highlights the descriptive keywords of research achievements and innovations. There are 4-6 phrases that reflect the characteristic content of the article. The first is the main work or content of this paper, or the second is the name of the main achievements or several types of achievements of two disciplines. The third is the name of the scientific research method adopted in this paper. Comments or critical articles should be "comments" or "comments". The fourth thing or substance used as the research object in this paper should avoid using analysis. Features and other common phrases: Example: 1 Neon Atomic Beam Computed Holographic Coding Imaging Simulation Research Keywords Nanotechnology Computed Holographic Atomic Laser Cooling Example 2 Research on the Measurement Method of Laser Aiming Major Axis Radius Keyword Introduction mainly answers why research (why) introduces the background of the paper, the research history and present situation of related fields, and the purpose of this paper generally does not appear as the core of the chart text, but mainly answers how to study it. The general text should consist of the following parts: the realization method or scheme of theoretical or principle analysis (depending on the content), numerical calculation, simulation analysis or experimental results (depending on the content), and mainly discuss the changes of different parameters according to the theoretical analysis, simulation or experimental results. The conclusions of the article, such as the degree to which the theoretical analysis is consistent with the experiment, and the possible problems, should be answered based on what is in the article. Briefly point out the principles revealed by the research results, whether there are exceptions in the universal research or the similarities and differences between this paper and previous published papers, as well as theoretical and practical significance. Suggestions for further research, references and articles cited by others should indicate the function of references 1) The author's academic ethics and conduct provide literature clues \ Check the quality of literature \ 2) The conditions for recording references must be read by himself. It must be the content that the author has obviously influenced in the research and writing of the paper. Never do anything that infringes intellectual property rights, resist the influence of bad social atmosphere, and never do anything that plagiarizes, plagiarizes or infringes; Strengthen the awareness of the legal system and be cautious to prevent unintentional infringement; Attach importance to the citation and identification of references, correspond to each other one by one, do not omit, and standardize the format;