Mathematics in Xiamen University has a long history. Mathematics Department was founded in 1923, which is one of the earliest departments of Xiamen University. In 2003, the School of Mathematical Sciences was established. After more than 90 years of construction and development, mathematics has entered the top 0.5% of ESI in the world, providing a solid discipline foundation for the construction of "double first-class".

In the course of running a school for nearly a hundred years, famous scholars such as Jiang Lifu, Jiang Zehan, Yang Wuzhi, Zhang Xilu, Fang Dezhi and Zhang Mingyong have successively carried out scientific research, education and teaching work here. It has trained more than 300 doctoral graduates, more than 900 master graduates and more than 5,600 undergraduate graduates for the country and society. A large number of alumni, represented by academicians Ke Zhao, Chen Jingrun, Chen Chun and others, have made important contributions to the country's scientific and technological progress and economic and social development.

The college has existing mathematics and applied mathematics departments, information and computational mathematics departments, probability and mathematical statistics departments and public mathematics teaching departments; It has the National Tianyuan Mathematics Southeast Center and the Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Mathematical Modeling and High Performance Scientific Computing.

At present, the college has the right to award the first-class doctoral degree in mathematics and statistics and the post-doctoral mobile station in mathematics and statistics, covering five doctoral and master's programs in two disciplines: basic mathematics, computational mathematics, probability and mathematical statistics, applied mathematics and operational research, and cybernetics. Among them, basic mathematics is a national key discipline, and mathematics is a key discipline in Fujian Province and "2 165438" and "985" in Xiamen University. There are both classic directions with a long history and newly developed emerging disciplines. Algebra, algebraic geometry, functional analysis, geometric analysis, harmonic analysis, partial differential equation, dynamic system, complex variable function and complex geometry, differential geometry, numerical solution of partial differential equation, computational fluid dynamics, numerical algebra, combination and graph theory, operational research and optimization, probability theory and mathematical statistics form a team with distinctive characteristics and high exhibition.