What does 1 +2 mean? It can be said that one person plus two people, two trees plus one tree, or other things. Mathematical symbols can represent a wide range of objective things and are simple and practical. This is unmatched by other languages, and it is precisely the power of mathematical symbols and lies.
How many mathematical symbols are there? According to statistics, in the early days, there were more than 200 mathematical symbols commonly used in advanced mathematics, and there were often more than 100 symbols in middle school mathematics.
Letters and geometric symbols representing numbers are called element symbols. For example, a, b and c are used to represent datum points, and x, y and z are used to represent unknowns; When two triangles are proved to be congruent, (s, s, s) means that the corresponding three sides are equal, (s, a, s) means that the two sides are equal, (a, s, a) means that the corresponding angles and sides are equal, and pi, unit imaginary number I and natural logarithm base E are all elements of these symbols. There are 1, 2, 3, 1/2, 2/3, 0.5, 1.3, which are symbolic elements.
+,-,×, and ÷ represent addition, subtraction, multiplication and division between numbers. This symbol indicating that the operation is based on rules is called an operation symbol. Two sets (∩), intersection (∩), sum on n (872 1[ 1≤k≤n]f(k)), indefinite integral (∫ f (x) δx), definite integral from a to b (.
The relationship between equal sign (=), approximate equal sign (≈), not sign (≦), greater than (>), less than (<), congruent (≡), congruent (≈), all equal signs (≈), and the number, type or figure of these symbols is called the relationship between symbols. There are also parallel symbols (‖), vertical symbols (⊥), comparison symbols (:) and positive symbols (∈), all of which are symbols.
In mathematics, there are many agreed symbols to express specific meanings or formulas. Because of (∵), so (∴), the number of combinations arranged by m out of n elements (C (n: m)) and the number of combinations arranged by m out of n elements (A (n: m)), these symbols are called conventions.
Some symbols, such as parentheses (()), square brackets ([]), braces (()) and other so-called auxiliary symbols, are also called combination symbols.
Mathematics in the world is really a symbol of things in the world!
How did that mathematical symbol come from?
China is one of the countries with the earliest development of public sector culture. The mathematical element of the symbol number came into being in China as early as two thousand BC. There is such a sentence in a book "The World" written by Xiang: "The Yellow Emperor, the head of the literati, is comprehensive and balanced." About 1000 BC, the Book of Changes written by Wang Wen, Duke Zhou, recorded that "the ancient string was ruled, and later the sage and Qi Yi were written".
In algebra, a set of mathematical symbols was used for the first time, which is generally considered as Diophantine in ancient Greece (Diophantine, 330-246 BC). Later generations called his algebra the abbreviation of algebra, while the algebra of ancient Egypt and Babylon was called the algebra described in the text. This description of algebra has been delayed until the European Renaissance.
/kloc-In the 5th century, in the work of Wagner and Weidemann, the symbols "+"and "-"were first used to indicate the weight "gain" and "loss" of boxes, and then they were used by mathematicians to add and subtract. "X" is the number first used by the British mathematician Audley in17th century. "⊙" is17th century, created by Swiss Rahn.
"=" was put forward by Kirdi in Britain in his paper The Stone of Theoretical Wisdom. The square brackets [] and braces () were introduced by French mathematician Vieta (Verte, 1540- 1603). ":"was first used by the French mathematician Descartes (Descartes, 1506- 1650). ∽, ≌ and dx (derivative) were creatively used by the German mathematician Leibniz (1646- 17 16).
The derivative symbols "f 1 (x)" and "y 1" are the indefinite integral "∫ Bao" created by French mathematician Lagrange (1736- 18 13) and Swiss mathematician Bob.
Euler (1707- 1783), a Swiss mathematician, created a large number of mathematical symbols of life, such as π, e, sin, cos, tan, ∑, f (x) and so on. Cauchy (1789- 1857), a French mathematician, is also a master of symbols. He introduced the determinant of two vertical lines in 184 1.
The long string at the top shows some symbols of the origin of mathematics. It can be seen that mathematical symbols are the product of human collective wisdom and the great efforts of generations of mathematicians.
The development of science constantly puts forward new requirements for mathematics. With the development of mathematics, new mathematical symbols are constantly produced, while those that are not applicable are gradually eliminated. be like
China ancients also had their own set of mathematical symbols, which played a positive role in history. However, compared with the west, it is not easy to apply because of its complexity. For example, in the general new algebra textbook (1905), the unknowns X, Y and Z are written as heaven, earth and man, the datum planes A, B and C are written as A, B and C, and the numbers 1, 2 and 3 are written as one, two and three. In this symbol system, what was originally written in a very general algebraic form is a very complicated and incomprehensible thing.
This is, of course, a symbol that is not in the list. China's systematic use of modern mathematical symbols occurred after191revolution (19 10). 19 19 The May 4th Movement was completely popularized.
Modern mathematical symbols, because of their established meaning, simple expression and easy to use, have greatly promoted the development of mathematics. In mathematics, some people call the period of the seventeenth century the period of genius and the period of the eighteenth century the period of invention. In these two centuries, why has mathematics made greater development and made great achievements? The reason is probably closely related to the generation of a large number of mathematical symbols.
Some experts even pointed out that China's ancient mathematics was ahead and modern mathematics was backward. One of the reasons was that China did not use advanced mathematical symbols, which hindered the development of mathematics. Although these words are biased, they do point out that mathematical symbols can play an important role in the development of mathematics!
Powerful mathematical symbols, magic. It is a special "text" in mathematics, which records and transmits rich mathematical information. It is a silent note, which brings beautiful music in people's hearts. It is the rigorous "source" of 1' s profound mathematical theory and nourishes the flowers of civilization. As a middle school student, please pay attention to the study of mathematical symbol reference! The only way to make our thinking more agile, accurate and profound.