1. Location 1. Establish the concept of "which column and which row". 2. It is customary for students to say "column" first and then "line". 3. Use the grid diagram to show the position, so that students can know how to find the corresponding position from the grid coordinates. 1, so that students can learn to explore the method of determining the position under specific circumstances and know that two data can be used to determine the position of an object. 2. Enable students to determine the position on the grid paper with two data, and determine the position on the grid paper according to the given data. 3. Make students feel the rich realistic situation of determining the position, realize the value of mathematics, and have a sense of intimacy with mathematics. Key points; The position of an object can be represented by several pairs. Difficulties: You can use number pairs to represent the position of objects and correctly distinguish the order of columns and rows. Second, the calculation rules of fractional multiplication 1, fractional multiplication (1) 1, fractional multiplication by integer: the product of fractional numerator multiplied by integer is numerator, and the denominator remains unchanged. 2. If you can subtract points, you can subtract points first and then calculate. 1. On the basis of students' existing fractional addition and the basic meaning of fractions, combined with life examples, students can understand the meaning of fractional multiplication by integers, master the calculation method of fractional multiplication by integers, and skillfully use the calculation rules of fractional multiplication by integers to calculate. 2. Through observation and comparison, guide students to sum up the calculation law of fractional multiplication by integer through experience, and cultivate students' abstract generalization ability. Key points: make students understand the meaning of fractional multiplication by integer and master the calculation method of fractional multiplication by integer. Difficulty: Guide students to summarize the calculation rules of multiplying scores by integers. A number multiplied by a fraction (2) 1, and a number multiplied by a fraction: a fraction multiplied by a fraction is multiplied by a numerator, and a fraction is multiplied by a denominator. 2. Simple calculation of fractional multiplication. 1. Understand the meaning of multiplying numbers by scores, master the calculation rules of multiplying scores by scores, and learn the simple calculation of multiplying scores by scores. 2. Cultivate students' ability of analogy and induction by organizing students to carry out mathematical activities such as migration, analogy, induction and communication. 3. Educate students to study purposefully and stimulate their learning motivation and interest through a widely used example of multiplying fractions by numbers. Key points: Understand the meaning of multiplying number by score, and master the calculation method of multiplying score by score. Difficulties: Deduce arithmetic and summarize laws. 2. Solve the problem of 1 and determine the unit "1": Find out the fractional sentence, determine the unit "1" and draw a line diagram to help understand the meaning of the problem. 2. The application of fractional multiplication law. 1, so that students can master the quantitative relationship of fractional multiplication application problems, learn to apply the meaning of multiplying a number by a fraction, and solve the one-step application problems of fractional multiplication. 2. Create an open, democratic and interesting space for independent inquiry, encourage students to question boldly and cultivate innovative ability. Key point: Understand the relationship between the unit "1" in the question and the question. Difficulties: Grasp the key of knowledge and correctly and flexibly judge the unit "1". 3. Understanding of reciprocal 1, the concept of reciprocal: two numbers whose product is 1 are reciprocal. 2.0 multiplied by any number is not equal to 1, so 0 has no reciprocal. 1, through practical activities such as experience, research and analogy, guide students to understand the meaning of reciprocal, let students experience the process of asking questions, exploring questions and applying knowledge, and independently summarize the method of finding reciprocal. 2. Cultivate students' habit of cooperation and communication through cooperative activities. 3. Cultivate students' awareness of independent learning and innovation through students' independent implementation of practical programs. Key points: understand the meaning of reciprocal and master the method of finding reciprocal. Difficulty: master the method of finding the reciprocal 3. Fractional division 1, fractional division 1 and fractional division have the same meaning as integer division. It is an operation to find another factor by knowing the product of two factors and one of them. 2. Calculation method of fractional division: dividing by a number that is not equal to 0 is equal to multiplying the reciprocal of this number. 1, through examples, make students know that the meaning of fractional division is the same as that of integer division, and make students master the calculation rules of fractional division by integer. 2, hands-on operation, through intuitive understanding to make students understand the integer divided by the fraction, guide students to correctly summarize the calculation rules, and use the rules to correctly calculate. 3. Cultivate students' abilities of observation, comparison, analysis and language expression, and improve their computing ability. Key points: make students understand arithmetic and correctly summarize and apply calculation rules. Difficulties: make students understand the arithmetic of dividing a number by a fraction; 2. Solve the problem 1 and analyze the quantity of the unit "1". 2. Analyze the relationship between quantities. 3. Solve problems with equations. 1, so that students can master the method of solving the application problem of "How many fractions are known in a number, and can skillfully formulate equations to solve this kind of application problem. 2. Further cultivate students' ability to explore and solve problems independently and their thinking abilities such as analysis, reasoning and judgment, and improve their ability to solve applied problems. Key points: Find out the quantity of the unit "1" and analyze the quantitative relationship in the problem. Difficulties: the characteristics of fractional division application problems and the ideas and methods of solving them. 3. Application of comparison and comparison. 1, the meaning of the ratio and the names of the parts. 2. The basic nature of the ratio. 3. The method of proportional application. 1, so that students can apply the meaning of ratio and master the method to solve the application problem of proportional distribution. 2. Be able to correctly judge the proportional relationship between the related quantities involved in the application questions. 3. Enable students to correctly and skillfully use the meaning of positive and negative proportions to answer application questions. Teaching emphasis: master the steps of solving application problems in proportion. Teaching difficulties: the key to solving problems. Four. Know the circle (2 class hours) 1, and example 2 (p56-58) 1. Understand the center o, radius r and diameter d 1. D = 2r 1。 Understand the circle and master its characteristics through teaching activities such as hands-on operation, observation and thinking. 3. Let students understand the relationship between the diameter and radius in the same circle and learn to draw a circle with compasses. 13. Mathematical methods and ideas of initial infiltration limit. Key points: Understand the characteristics of a circle intuitively and learn to draw a circle with compasses. Difficulties: Make clear the relationship between the center of the circle and the position of the circle, and the relationship between the radius and the size of the circle. Example 3 (P59-6 1) 1. A circle is a symmetrical figure, and the symmetry axis of a circle is a straight line with a diameter of. 1. Draw the symmetry axis of a composite figure composed of multiple circles. 1. Through observation, operation and other activities, we know that the circle is an axisymmetric figure with numerous symmetry axes. 3. Let the students draw the symmetry axis of an axisymmetric figure, and draw a figure that is symmetrical to the given figure according to the symmetry axis. 3. Cultivate students' spatial concept and exploration spirit. Key points: You can accurately find the symmetry axis of the plane figure you have learned, and draw a figure that is symmetrical to the given figure according to the symmetry axis. Difficulty: draw the symmetry axis of the combined figure composed of multiple circles. Circumference (2 class hours) 1 (P62-66) 1. Know pi and its approximate value 1. Know the formula of πC = 2πr or c = π d 1. By exploring the value of pi, students' associative ability and initial logical thinking ability are cultivated. 3. Use students to intuitively understand the circumference, master the calculation formula of the circumference, skillfully apply the formula of the circumference to solve problems, and further cultivate students' ability to use the formula to solve problems. 3. Introduce the contribution of China mathematicians to the study of pi, and educate students in patriotism. Key point: master the calculation formula of the circle. Difficulty: Derive the circle formula. The area of the circle (3 class hours) Example 1 (P67-68) The derivation process of the area of the circle and the formula of the area of the circle S = π R2 1. This enables students to understand the derivation process of the area formula of a circle, master the method of finding the area of a circle and calculate it correctly. Through hands-on operation, cultivate students' ability to solve problems with transformed ideas. Key points: mastering the formula for calculating the area of a circle can correctly calculate the area of a circle. Difficulties: Understanding the derivation process of the area formula of a circle. Example 2 (P69-72) Area formula of a circle 1 enables students to further master the method of finding the area of a circle and learn the calculation method of finding the area of a circle. Cultivate students' ability to actively learn and explore and solve problems. Key and difficult point: the calculation method of ring area. Determine the knowledge about the standard runway at the starting line (P75-76), and the relationship between the runway width and the diameters of two adjacent semi-circular runways. 1. Through teaching, further consolidate the circle knowledge that students have learned. 3. Improve students' ability to solve practical problems with what they have learned, and enhance the flexibility of students' thinking. Key points: We can use the knowledge of perimeter to determine the difficulty of the starting line: understand the relationship between the distance between adjacent starting lines and the width of the runway. V. Meaning and writing of percentage (2 class hours) (p77-79) 1. The meaning and writing of 1. Make students understand the meaning of percentage and read and write percentage correctly. By learning the concept of percentage, students' ability of analysis, comparison and synthesis is cultivated. Through convincing data, I realize the importance of protecting my eyesight. Key point: understand the meaning of percentage. Difficulties: Distinguish between percentages and fractions, and reciprocity of decimals (2 class hours). Reciprocal method of percentage and decimal (page 80). 1. Make students learn the reciprocal method of percentages and decimals, and be able to exchange percentages and decimals correctly and skillfully. 3. Through self-study, discussion and communication, understand and master the method of conversion between percentages and decimals. 3. Experience the diversity of conversion methods by actively participating in the learning activities of conversion between percentages and decimals. Key points: Understand and master the method of conversion between percentages and decimals. Difficulties: exchange percentages and decimals correctly and skillfully. Conversion between percentage and fraction (P8 1-84) The method of conversion between percentage and fraction; Memorize commonly used decimals and fractions, 1. Make students understand and master the methods of percentage and fraction, and correctly calculate percentage and fraction. Using the existing knowledge transfer and analogy, let students feel the connection and difference between mathematical knowledge. 3. Through cooperation, communication, exploration, comparison and other teaching activities, the mathematical thinking method is infiltrated, and the excellent quality of students' diligent thinking and courage to explore is cultivated. Key points: make students master the method of conversion between percentage and score, and use it skillfully. Difficulties: Convert fractions that cannot be converted into finite decimals into percentages. Take percentage as an example 1(2 class hours) (P85-89) Significance of germination rate, compliance rate, attendance rate and oil yield 1. Make students learn to solve simple problems such as germination rate and reaching the standard rate. Cultivate students' ability to solve practical problems about percentage in life. 3. Cultivate students' learning ability of independent inquiry. Focus: solve practical problems flexibly. Difficulties: correctly understand the significance of germination rate and compliance rate. 6. Percent Problem Solving Example 2(2 class hours) (P90—P92) Find an application problem with more (or less) numbers than the other. 1. On the basis of students' learning to solve the application problem that "one number is more (or less) than the other", they learn to "find a number that is more (or less) than the other". 3. Further improve students' ability to analyze, compare and solve application problems. Key points: Understand and master the quantitative relationship of "what percentage of a number is". Difficulties: correctly analyze and answer the practical question "What is the percentage of a number?" Example 3(2 class hours) (P93—P96) What is the percentage of a number? 1. Understand and master the quantitative relationship of "What is the percentage of a number" and correctly answer the practical question of what is the percentage of a number. 3. Correctly analyze the quantitative relationship in the topic and improve the ability to solve practical problems. 3. Let students feel the close connection between mathematics and life, and apply what they have learned. Key points: Understand and master the quantitative relationship of "what percentage of a number is". Difficulties: correctly analyze and answer the practical question "What is the percentage of a number?" The meaning of discount in Example 4 (P97); Relationship between original price, current price and discount 1. On the basis of students' understanding of the meaning of "discount", they can understand that the quantitative relationship between the application problem of discount and the application problem of "what is the percentage of a number" is the same, and can calculate it correctly. Can get information from life, solve practical problems and enhance the consciousness of applying mathematics. Key point: understand the meaning of "discount" and know that the quantitative relationship of discount application questions is the same as "how much is a number" Difficulties: Independent analysis and accurate analysis methods Tax Example 5 (P98-P99) Taxes, taxes and tax rates 1. Understand the special terms of tax and calculate the tax payable. 3. Establish a correct view of tax payment and understand the importance of tax payment. Emphasis and difficulty: Understand the special terms of taxation and calculate the taxable interest rate Example 6 (P98-P 100) principal, interest and interest rate 1. Understand the meaning of "interest rate" and realize its application in real life. 2. Be able to apply the knowledge of scores and percentages and answer questions about "interest" flexibly. 3. Cultivate students' study habits of serious thinking. Emphasis and difficulty: understand the concept and correctly answer the practical question about "interest". Count the sector chart 1, understand the sector chart 2, fill in the sector chart 3, and answer the question 1 according to the data provided by the sector chart to understand the sector chart and its characteristics. 2. Be able to understand and fill in the fan chart. 3. Answer some simple questions according to the data provided by the fan-shaped statistical chart. 4. Further understand the status and role of statistics in real life. 5. Through sorting out and analyzing relevant materials, I received some ideological education. Understand the fan chart and its characteristics. The practice of fan chart realizes the characteristics of bar, broken line and fan chart. 1, so that students can further master the characteristics of fan-shaped statistical charts. 2. Improve students' ability of independent analysis and judgment. Master the characteristics of the fan-shaped statistical chart and answer related questions according to the fan-shaped statistical chart. Store 1 reasonably, let students touch the percentage in real life, and realize the universality of mathematics application. 2. Promote students' understanding of education savings, national debt and other related knowledge, and cultivate students' awareness of investment. 1, so that students can comprehensively use what they have learned to solve practical problems in life, feel the close connection between mathematics and real life, and cultivate students' application ability and practical ability. 2. Consolidate and review the knowledge about percentages, and expand students' ideas and strategies for solving problems. 3. Understand the role of mathematics in practical problems through the process of analysis, calculation, comparison and generalization, and enhance students' confidence in learning mathematics well. 1. Carefully analyze the quantitative relationship and correctly solve practical problems. 2. Comprehensively apply what you have learned to solve related problems in daily life. 7. Guess, list, hypothesis and equation solution of mathematical wide-angle "chicken and rabbit in the same cage" problem. Among them, the solution of hypothesis and column equation is the general method to solve this kind of problem. 1, understand the problem of "chickens and rabbits in the same cage" and feel the interest of ancient mathematical problems. 2. Try to solve the problem of "chickens and rabbits in the same cage" in different ways, so that students can realize the generality of algebraic methods. 3. Cultivate students' logical reasoning ability in the process of solving problems. 1, pay attention to different ideas and methods to solve the problem of "chickens and rabbits in the same cage". 2. Broaden the understanding of the problem of "chickens and rabbits in the same cage". 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