First, strengthen intuitive operation to help students establish an image
The thinking activity of first-year students is mainly in the form of concrete thinking in images, which is a thinking process from directly perceiving objects to appearances. Therefore, from the beginning of knowing the numbers within 10, I attach great importance to intuitive teaching: prepare the objects and pictures that students usually like before class, and let students count sticks, pictures and fingers in class to help students strengthen their sense of numbers. Then, they can split and combine. Help students to establish representations, make them master numbers within 10, and lay a solid foundation for the synthesis and decomposition of numbers within 10. Then, they can establish the representation through one-to-one intuitive operation activities, master the composition and decomposition of numbers within 10, and skillfully add and subtract numbers within 10, laying a solid foundation for addition and subtraction within 20.
Second, pay attention to arithmetic teaching and speed up oral calculation.
In the teaching of oral arithmetic, the main way for students to effectively master the basic methods of oral arithmetic is to teach students to understand arithmetic. Therefore, I attach great importance to the teaching of arithmetic. For example, when teaching abdication subtraction within 20 years, 16-7 will be displayed. Don't rush to instill ready-made "breaking ten cuts" into students, but look at the problem from the perspective of students. Let the students explore ways to solve problems in their favorite ways. Some. "I think so, first 16-6 = 10, then 10- 1 = 9." Some students use wrenches to index numbers. "That's what I think. Write down 16 in my mind and stretch out seven fingers from 65438. Through reasoning training, the method comes alive and the speed of oral calculation is accelerated.
Third, pay attention to the diversity of algorithms and realize students' independent optimization of algorithms.
Because students have different life backgrounds and thinking angles, the methods used must be diverse. Teaching subtraction within 20 years, some students like to use "breaking ten MINUS", and some students like to use "doing subtraction and adding". At this time, on the basis of understanding the algorithm, let the students choose what they like, and realize the "independent optimization" of the algorithm. Teachers must not be "across the board", otherwise it will be counterproductive. For example. I have always liked wrench fingers, so I wanted to get rid of his "trouble" and gave him instructions during my lunch break, and the result was getting worse and worse. It is not only slow, but also has a higher error rate, which is not as fast as a wrench. Therefore, teachers should fully respect students' ideas, encourage students to think independently, advocate the diversification of calculation methods, and guide students to choose the most suitable method among many algorithms, so as to better motivate students.
Fourth, perseverance can be effective.
The ultimate goal of oral arithmetic is to make students blurt out from the algorithm, but this goal cannot be achieved at once, and it needs repeated training to achieve proficiency. In practice, we should pay special attention to the following issues:
1, pay attention to form and stimulate interest
Bruner, an American psychologist, thinks: "The best stimulus of learning is interest in what you have learned." Psychology also shows that interest is a powerful internal motivation for students to actively study and explore knowledge with positive thinking. In order to improve students' interest in verbal arithmetic and entertain students, we should pay attention to the diversification of training forms: according to the characteristics of first-grade children, we should use games and competitions, such as "driving a train", "finding friends" and "picking apples", and use cards, blackboards or playing cards to report numbers through visual calculation, combined with listening and speaking; You can also print and calculate questions and compete in a limited time; Students can also write their own oral arithmetic questions, answer at the same table or compete in groups; Stick to one page of oral practice every day, and the oral time can be arranged five minutes before class. Various forms of oral arithmetic training make the whole class actively participate and give every student a chance to practice, which greatly stimulates students' interest and receives good results.
2, a long stream of fine water, steadily improve.
After practicing a stage, you should screen out the questions that are difficult or often make mistakes, such as 17-9, 15-8, 14-6, etc. Make cards, practice repeatedly, and steadily improve your verbal ability.
3, the right medicine, one by one.
In oral arithmetic training, teachers should use more encouraging evaluation according to children's age characteristics and personality differences, especially for those children who are slow in oral arithmetic or have difficulty in calculation, and first find out their problems.
If you are a parent,
The best path from counting to calculation
Judging from the order of children's mathematics teaching, parents generally adopt the following methods: first teach children to count until they can count to 100, then teach addition and subtraction within 5, then within 10, 20, and finally within 100. This accepted order of mathematics teaching is actually unscientific. From the practice of children's mathematics teaching,
1, learn the number.
Everyone knows that you should learn to count before you learn to calculate, but using various counting forms to lay the foundation for calculation has been ignored by quite a few parents. Many parents think that their children can learn to count when they can sing and read 1 ~ 100, but in fact, their children have not really established the concept of counting, nor have they really mastered the skills of counting.
In fact, there are many contents of counting. In addition to establishing the concept of one-to-one counting, it also includes a variety of counting techniques. The main forms are:
①N plus 1, that is, counting in the order of 1 increasing, which is the basis of learning N plus 1;
②N minus 1, that is, counting down in descending order of 1, which is the basis of learning N minus 1;
③ Odd number, establishing the concept of odd number;
④ Counting even numbers and establishing the concept of even numbers;
⑤ When the number is 10, establish the concept of carry;
⑥ Taking 5 as the basic unit is a very important counting skill, because 5 is second only to 10 in improving counting and calculation skills.
2. Calculate n plus 1. Any child who can count in turn and understand that it means to increase 1 can easily learn to calculate n plus 1, including 10 plus 1, 20 plus 1, 99 plus 1, and even 65438.
3. Calculate N minus 1. Any child who can count backwards and understand the meaning of minus 1 can learn to calculate N minus 1, including 1/kloc-0 minus 1, 2/kloc-0 minus 1 and/kloc-0.
4. Addition and subtraction of integer 10, such as 10 plus 10, 20 plus 10, ... 90 plus 10. Children who can count every 10 and understand its meaning are eager to learn.
5. Addition and subtraction of whole five, such as 0 plus 5, 5 plus 5, 10 plus 5, or even 95 plus 5, is not difficult for children who can count every five and understand that it means addition and subtraction.
6. Calculate 10 plus n, including 10 plus 1, 10 plus 2... 10 plus 9. Once children understand that 10 plus a few equals more than ten, they can not only quickly calculate 10 plus n, but also generalize it to 20 plus n.
7. Add two identical numbers, including 1 plus 1, 2 plus 2 ... nine plus nine. For children who can count even numbers, when they find that the result of adding two identical numbers is even, they will easily learn to calculate such problems. Teaching practice shows that children generally have spontaneous concern and interest in adding two identical numbers, so children can master this group of problems.
8. Calculate the sum of two numbers equal to 10, including 1 plus 9, 2 plus 8, 3 plus 7, 4 plus 6, 5 plus 5. The proficiency of this set of questions is very important for the operation above 10.
9, oral calculation (within 20), when children master the above skills, they can do oral calculation questions within 20. Parents should pay attention to remind their children to learn to use their own calculation skills to calculate other problems, such as 2 plus 2 equals 4 and deducing 2 plus 3 equals 5, 3 plus 7 equals 10 and inferring 3 plus 6 equals 9, 9 plus 9 equals 18 and inferring 9 plus 8 equals.
10, vertical pen calculation (within 100), it is not easy for school-age children to calculate numbers within 100, but after vertical listing, preschool children with the above skills can complete the operation with a little guidance, because the problem of adding two digits vertically actually becomes the problem of adding two digits. At present, a five-year-old child.
PS: I remember Happy Teacher said it was a good way. I am familiar with everything from 1 to 100, then I count two, and then I practice five, 10, 10. But for some reason, my son just doesn't like counting, so I tried to play Weiqi with him.
Storytelling is added and subtracted in 10.
When teaching children addition and subtraction within 10, you can make up some short stories, let them participate in them, and let them learn to calculate unconsciously. Moreover, every time a child shows a strong interest in this little story, it is very easy to learn addition and subtraction.
For example, learning the addition and subtraction of 8, I made up such a short story, in which I often interacted with my children, asked each other questions, and even asked them to make up stories:
The little monkey wants to buy eight apples for his grandmother. When he came to the market, he saw that red apples were attractive and green apples were good, so he bought some two kinds of apples. )
The little monkey walked happily to grandma's house with a box containing eight apples. On the way, he bumped into a pig and knocked off an apple. They don't know how many apples are left. )
Piggy is a good friend of little monkey. It's good to see a little monkey. The pig said he was thirsty, so the little monkey gave him an apple to quench his thirst. How many apples are left at this time? )
Seeing the pig eating the apple with relish, the little monkey wanted to eat it too, so he took an apple and ate it. How many apples are left at this time? )
Suddenly, there was a lion's roar behind him: "Ho-"No, the lion saw the little monkey, run! The little monkey ran hard with the box and the apples in the box fell out.
Finally, I ran to grandma's house, and the lion didn't chase me. The little monkey finally breathed a sigh of relief. The little monkey gave the apple to grandma, but it looked into the box: "Hey? Why are there only two apples left? "
Grandma smiled after listening to the story of the little monkey. Grandma said to the little monkey, "You are the best gift!" " "
In this way, the story is over. When telling stories, I also asked my children to count how many apples there were. The stories of meeting lions in the back were all made up by the children themselves. The whole process is very easy, which not only develops their thinking, but also achieves the purpose of learning.
Learning math is as simple as that.
Parents always complain that mathematics is difficult to learn, numbers are boring and concepts are abstract. How can children accept this "weird" subject? In fact, mathematics is not what you think, and the secret of learning it well lies in daily life.
You don't have to take time to sit down with your child alone and tell him "it's time to learn math". Mathematics is used all the time in life. Parents only need to point out to their children how we use mathematics in various ways in our daily life.
Digital life around babies
It is better to let the baby know the numbers related to him than to learn "singing numbers", such as his own address, telephone number, the size of his clothes and shoes, etc. Let him measure his height every few months; When weighing, show him your weight and compare it with your previous or dad's weight.
Look at the calendar with the baby and let him count how many days are left before school. It is very important for children to understand the mathematical concept of time linear motion.
Mathematical mysteries in the kitchen
The kitchen is also a good place to show your baby complex mathematical concepts. When cutting bread, ask the baby whether to cut it into two, three or four pieces. Cut into triangles, squares or rectangles. Let the baby's little brain have the basic concepts of geometry and fraction.
Cooking also includes mathematical concepts such as proportion, measurement and timing. Let the baby help measure and add some materials; You might as well tell your baby loudly that when you add double ingredients, when you add some ingredients to achieve the correct ratio, when you set the temperature of the oven. ...
In addition, you can ask your baby to help you sort the food by category, color or size. Classifying things is a very useful skill that children must master when they study mathematics in the future.
Mathematics fun in the game
Toys can help children explore mathematical concepts in play, such as building blocks, puzzles and building toys-all of which are teaching children to use basic geometric concepts. For example, when children complete a three-dimensional structure, they actually learn the concepts of balance, symmetry and spatial relationship in relaxed play.
Dice, a simple board game, is also a good way to learn mathematics while playing because it requires children to count to recognize numbers. And in the process of rolling dice, you also come into contact with the concept of probability. Of course, you don't have to explain anything to your child in mathematical language, but he will master the basic ideas sooner or later, which will naturally be of great benefit to your child's future study. Creating games is also a good way to stimulate children to learn mathematics. For example, games can cultivate children's estimation ability.
Playing games with a timer is also a good choice. Let the child say how many times he can clap his hands a minute. He may say "10 times" because he thinks it is already a very large number. Think how surprised he will be when the final result of practice comes out! Next time, let him try to shoot faster.
The Mathematical World on the Journey
Traveling by car is an opportunity to teach children how important mathematics is. Let them guess how long it will take to reach their destination. Encouraging children to know the different shapes of road signs is also a good way to familiarize them with basic geometric concepts; You can also ask your child to write down the license plate numbers of passing vehicles, and then find out which number appears the most ... These games can not only amuse your child on the road, but also learn some math. Why not?
Mathematical thinking in housework
Children are mostly enthusiastic domestic workers, so why not take this opportunity to let them learn some math? For example, it is a good activity to help children pair socks and arrange laundry. Children learn the concept of measurement by helping to pour washing powder into the washing machine. When you set tableware and chopsticks, you learn to count and classify ... these are all useful mathematics for children in daily life.
Tip: Three Simple and Interesting Math Teaching Aids
poker
On weekends or holidays, play poker with your baby, choose the number plate of 1 ~ 5, identify the number of 1 ~ 5 for your baby, compare the numbers, and learn the addition and subtraction of 1 ~ 5. After the baby really understands, expand the scope to 1 ~ 10.
dice
The best teaching aid for learning numbers has a surprisingly good learning effect. At first, the baby may not understand the concept of numbers, but every time you roll the dice, count the points on the dice, and then play the game of comparing points, the baby's enthusiasm will be higher than you think. After knowing the number 1 ~ 6 on the dice, add another dice and you can play the addition game with your baby.
Literacy card
There are many pictures that the baby is interested in on the literacy card, which can't be used only for the baby to read. You can use them as tools to play money games. For example, all kinds of books of the baby are marked with the numbers of literacy cards and put on the books, and then you are the seller and the baby is the customer. Say a few words and let the baby take out the book marked with the corresponding number. When your baby can count quickly from 1 to 50, you have to admire the literacy card.