Interesting mathematical knowledge number theory part: 1, there is no maximum prime number.
Euclid gave a beautiful and simple proof. 2. Goldbach conjecture: Any even number can be expressed as the sum of two prime numbers.
Chen Jingrun's achievement is that any even number can be expressed as the sum of the products of one prime number and no more than two prime numbers. 3. Fermat's last theorem: n power of x+n power of y = n power of z, and n> has no integer solution at 2 places.
Euler proofs 3 and 4, 1995 were proved by British mathematician andrew wiles. Topology part: 1, the relationship between points and edges of polyhedron: fixed point+number of faces = number of edges +2, which was proposed by Descartes and proved by Euler, also known as euler theorem.
2. euler theorem's inference: There may be only five regular polyhedrons, namely regular tetrahedron, regular octahedron, regular hexahedron, regular icosahedron and regular dodecahedron. 3. Turn the space upside down, and the left-handed object can become the right-handed one. Through Klein bottle simulation, a good brain gymnastics is extracted from: /bbs2/ThreadDetailx? id=3 1900 .
2. Little knowledge of mathematics
1, as early as more than 2000 years ago, our ancestors used magnets to make an instrument to indicate the direction. This instrument is Sina.
2. German mathematician kravis was the first to use points as decimal points.
"Tangram" is a jigsaw puzzle in ancient China. It consists of seven thin plates, which can be put together into a big square. The patterns spelled out are varied, and later spread abroad, called Tang Tu.
It is said that as early as 4500 years ago, our ancestors used notch to measure time.
6. China is the first country to use the rounding method.
7. Euclid's most famous work, The Elements of Geometry, is the foundation of European mathematics. It put forward five postulates and developed them into Euclidean geometry, which is widely regarded as the most successful textbook in history.
8. Zu Chongzhi, a mathematician, astronomer and physicist in the Southern Dynasties, ranked the value of pi in the seventh place.
9. Rudolph, a Dutch mathematician, calculated the 35th place of pi.
10 Archimedes, known as the "father of mechanics", has many mathematical works handed down from generation to generation. Archimedes once said: Give me a fulcrum and I can move the earth. This sentence tells us that we should have the courage to find this fulcrum and use it to find the truth.
Extended data
Mathematics (Mathematics or maths, from the Greek word "Má thē ma"; Often abbreviated as "mathematics"), it is a discipline that studies concepts such as quantity, structure, change, space and information, and belongs to a formal science from a certain point of view.
In the development of human history and social life, mathematics also plays an irreplaceable role, and it is also an indispensable basic tool for studying and studying modern science and technology.
Resource Mathematics _ Sogou Encyclopedia
be badly in need of
Q: A train weighs 30 tons and a bridge can carry 20 tons. How did the train successfully cross the bridge without taking any measures?
A: The long bridge is short.
Interesting math knowledge, you know? Each of us carries several rulers. If the length of your "one foot" is 8 cm and the length of your desk is 7 feet, you know that the desk is 56 cm. If you take a step of 65 cm, when you go to school, count how many steps you take, and you can figure out how far it is from your home to school. Height is also a ruler. If your height is 150 cm, then you are holding a big tree and your hands are just closed. The length of this tree is about 150 cm. Because everyone's arms are flat, the length and height between the fingertips of both hands are similar. If you want to measure the height of a tree, shadows can also help you. You only need to measure the length of the shadow of the tree and your own shadow. Because the height of the tree = the shadow length of the tree * the height of the graph. Why is this? Learn the proportion and you will understand. If you go to play, if you want to know how far the mountain ahead is from you, you can ask the sound to help you measure it. Sound can travel 33 1 meter per second, so you can hear the echo by shouting at the mountain for a few seconds. Multiply the time to hear the echo by 33 1 and divide by 2. Learning to use these rulers on you is very beneficial for you to calculate some problems. It will also provide convenience for your daily life. You should think about it! In winter, when it is freezing, cats and dogs don't lie down as we think, but like to curl up. So have you ever wondered why? Does it have anything to do with math? Let's think of a familiar math problem. The topic is: How many different ways can we spell * * * with 1 cm long 12 cubes? Through hands-on splicing and experiments, four different splicing methods are obtained. Using what we have learned, we can know that the volumes of these four cuboids are all equal, and their surface areas are 50 (square centimeter), 40 (square centimeter), 38 (square centimeter) and 32 (square centimeter) respectively, that is to say, (Figure 4) has the smallest surface area. This problem illustrates a mathematical law: under the condition of equal volume, the more overlapping parts between small cubes, the smaller their surface area. According to this mathematical law, it is not difficult for us to realize that cats and dogs like to curl up and sleep in winter. It is in the case of constant volume that the overlapping parts of their bodies increase. So reducing the exposed surface area, that is, reducing the cold area, will also reduce the heat emitted. Cats and puppies can curl up and sleep to keep warm in winter.
4. 10 Math Story (shortest)
Where is the one yuan?
Three people stayed in a hotel, and the price per person per day was 10 yuan. Everyone paid 10 yuan, and the total was the boss 30 yuan. Later, the boss gave a discount of 5 yuan and asked the waiter to return it to them. As a result, the waiter embezzled 2 yuan, and each of the remaining 3 yuan returned 1 yuan, which means that each person spent 9 yuan's money. Three people spent a total of * * * 27 yuan, plus 2 yuan, a corrupt waiter, spent a total of * * * 29 yuan. Where did the dollar go?
Divide apples
There are five students in Xiaomi's family Xiaomi's father wants to entertain six children with apples, but there are only five apples at home. What shall we do? I have to cut the apple, but I can't cut it into pieces. Xiaomi's father wants each apple to be cut into three pieces at most. This has become another topic: divide five apples equally among six children, and each apple is not allowed to be cut into more than three pieces.
How did Xiaomi's father do it?
Ma Xiao Hu cooked chicken
During the Spring Festival, Xiao Mahu, a professional chicken farmer, stood in the yard, counted the total number of chickens, decided to stay and gave 1/2 to the nursing home. After he sent the chickens away, he heard the chickens crowing in the room, only to know that there were 10 chickens missing. So I counted the chickens inside and outside the room again, and there was nothing wrong, no more, no less, just 1/2 left. Little careless and strange. What's the problem? Do you know how many chickens Xiao Mahu counted in the yard? "This article is organized by the first model essay network, and the copyright belongs to the original author and the original source. 』
How many guests came one day and Xiao Lin was washing dishes at home. Xiao Qiang saw it and asked, "Why do you wash so many bowls?" "
We have guests at home. ""How many people came? " Kobayashi said, "I don't know. I only know that each of them uses a rice bowl, two people share a soup bowl, three people share a vegetable bowl, four people share a big wine bowl, and one * * uses 15 bowl. "Do you know how many guests are here?
5.30 math stories, shorter.
For many students, memorizing math stories is boring, and sometimes its importance is often ignored.
However, after adding "onion and garlic seasoning" such as mathematical stories to the oral calculation, it has become a "gourmet" for students. Let's "taste" it together: ● Bajie ate some peaches. Bajie went to Huaguoshan to find Wukong, but the Great Sage was not at home.
The little monkeys warmly entertained Bajie and picked 100 of the most delicious peaches in the mountains. Bajie said happily, "Let's eat together!" How to eat? Counting ***30 monkeys, Bajie found a branch and drew it on the ground, and listed the formula, 100÷30=3. .. 1 Bajie pointed to the top three and said generously, "Everyone can eat three pecans. Look, the rest 1 I ate it! " The little monkeys were very grateful to Bajie. They thanked him one by one, and then each took his share.
When Wukong came back, the little monkeys told Wukong how generous Bajie was today and why he only ate a pecan. Seeing Pig's arrangement, Wukong shouted, "What a fool! I'll find him! " Haha, do you know how many peaches Bajie ate? The origin of numbers Xiaoming is a child who likes to ask questions. One day, he became interested in the numbers 0-9: Why is it called "* * * numbers"? So he went to ask his mother: "Since 0-9 is called' * * * number', it must have been invented by * * * people, mom?" Mom shook her head and said, "* * * Numbers were actually invented by Indians.
About 1500 years ago, Indians used a special word to represent numbers. There are 10 words, and you can write both strokes. Later, these figures were introduced into * * *. * * * people think these numbers are simple and practical, so they are widely used in their own countries and spread to Europe.
In this way, it gradually became the number we use today. Because * * * people have played a great role in the spread of these numbers, people are used to calling them "* * * numbers". "
Xiao Ming heard this and said, "So that's it. Mom, can this be called' making a mistake'? " Mom smiled.
● Children's Song Competition The animal school held a children's song competition, and the elephant teacher was the referee. The little monkey raised his hand first and began to recite: "I can calculate carry addition, and the digits can only be added if they are aligned."
The number of digits should be aligned with the number of digits. When the number of digits exceeds ten, the number of digits should be advanced to ten. Ten digits plus one plus one can count quickly and accurately. "
As soon as the little monkey finished speaking, the puppy began to recite again: "abdication and subtraction are not difficult, just align the numbers." If the single digits are small enough, ten people can borrow one.
If ten people return, one will be ten, and if they return, one will be missing. How to reduce ten digits, ten digits will be reduced again and again. "
Everyone applauded their wonderful performance. Teacher Elephant said, "Their nursery rhymes make us understand that both carry addition and abdication subtraction should win the championship, ok?" Everyone agrees and applauds them.
Long ago, the kingdom of mathematics was quite chaotic. The 0-9 brothers not only dominate the kingdom, but also boast of their greatest skills.
The math angel was very angry when he saw this situation. He sent three little angels to the math kingdom to establish order and avoid chaos. Three little angels came to the kingdom of mathematics, and 0-9 brothers looked at them contemptuously.
Q: "What are you three doing in the kingdom of mathematics? You are not welcome! " He smiled and said, "We are judges sent by angels to help you govern your country. I am an equal sign, and these two are' greater than sign' and' less than sign'. Whoever they speak to is greater. Whoever they point to is small. "
When the ten brothers heard that they were judges sent by angels, they obeyed the orders of God and ... and from then on, the mathematics kingdom had a strict order, and no one would violate it.
● Little Bear Opens a Shop Little Bear doesn't like studying, just wants to do business, so he opened a fruit shop next to the school. Rabbit and monkey are his classmates. They have agreed to teach this lazy guy who doesn't like school.
They came to bear's fruit shop. "How much are the peaches?" Asked the little monkey.
"The first basket is 6 yuan and 3 Jin, and the second basket is 6 yuan and 2 Jin." The bear replied.
The little monkey said, "If I take 5 kilograms from two baskets, I will pay you 12 yuan, right?" The bear nodded. "That I want it all. Since 5 kg is 12 yuan, then 60 kg is 12* 12= 144 yuan, right? " "Exactly, exactly."
Said the bear. So the little monkey bought all the peaches, paid the money and left happily with the little rabbit.
When I get home at night, the bear pays the bill, which is a loss anyway. The next day, the little monkey and the little rabbit found the little bear and told him the situation. They smiled and said, "It's all because you don't study well that we came to teach you a lesson." They replenished the little money to the bear.
Bear hung his head in shame, and since then, he has been very serious in class every day. The three of them became good friends.
One day, the Tang Priest ordered his disciples Wukong, Bajie and Friar Sand to go to Huaguoshan to pick peaches. Soon, the three disciples came back happily after picking peaches.
Tang Priest and his disciples asked: How many peaches did each of you pick? Bajie said with a silly smile, Master, let me test you. Each of us took the same amount of money. There are less than 65,438+000 peaches in my basket. If we count three peaches, there are 1 peach left in the end.
Do the math. How many did each of us choose? Friar Sand said mysteriously, Master, I will test you, too. If there are four peaches in my basket, there is 1 left in the end.
Do the math. How many did each of us choose? Wukong smiled and said, Master, I'll test you, too. If there are five peaches in my basket, there will be 1 in the end.
Do the math. How many shall we each choose? Tang Priest quickly said the number of peaches he had picked. Do you know how many peaches each of them picked? A young man came to see Mr. Liu and introduced himself: "My name is Yu Jiang. I'm taking a tour group to Hong Kong this time. I heard that your hotel has a comfortable environment and good service. We want to stay in your hotel. "
Mr. Liu quickly said enthusiastically, "Welcome, welcome. I wonder how many people are there in your group? " "People, well, it's a big group." Mr. Liu was overjoyed: it's great to have big groups and enterprises.
As a tour guide, Yu Jiang saw Mr. Liu's mind. He said slowly, "Sir, if you can count the number of people in our group, we will stay in your hotel." "Please go ahead."
Liu.
6. I need three math knowledge. The shorter the story, the better.
Pig ate some peaches and went to Huaguoshan to find Wukong. The Great Sage was not at home.
The little monkeys warmly entertained Bajie and picked 100 of the most delicious peaches in the mountains. Bajie said happily, "Let's eat together!" How to eat? Counting ***30 monkeys, Bajie found a branch and drew it on the ground, and listed the formula, 100÷30=3. .. 1 Bajie pointed to the top three and said generously, "Everyone can eat three pecans. Look, the rest 1 I ate it! " The little monkeys were very grateful to Bajie. They thanked him one by one, and then each took his share.
When Wukong came back, the little monkeys told Wukong how generous Bajie was today and why he only ate a pecan. Seeing Pig's arrangement, Wukong shouted, "What a fool! I'll find him! " Haha, do you know how many peaches Bajie ate? The origin of numbers Xiaoming is a child who likes to ask questions. One day, he became interested in the numbers 0-9: Why is it called "* * * numbers"? So he went to ask his mother: "Since 0-9 is called' * * * number', it must have been invented by * * * people, mom?" Mom shook her head and said, "* * * Numbers were actually invented by Indians.
About 1500 years ago, Indians used a special word to represent numbers. There are 10 words, and you can write both strokes. Later, these figures were introduced into * * *. * * * people think these numbers are simple and practical, so they are widely used in their own countries and spread to Europe.
In this way, it gradually became the number we use today. Because * * * people have played a great role in the spread of these numbers, people are used to calling them "* * * numbers". "
Xiao Ming heard this and said, "So that's it. Mom, can this be called' making a mistake'? " Mom smiled.
Children's Song Competition The animal school held a children's song competition, with the elephant teacher as the referee. The little monkey raised his hand first and began to recite: "I can calculate carry addition, and the digits can only be added if they are aligned."
The number of digits should be aligned with the number of digits. When the number of digits exceeds ten, the number of digits should be advanced to ten. Ten digits plus one plus one can count quickly and accurately. "
As soon as the little monkey finished speaking, the puppy began to recite again: "abdication and subtraction are not difficult, just align the numbers." If the single digits are small enough, ten people can borrow one.
If ten people return, one will be ten, and if they return, one will be missing. How to reduce ten digits, ten digits will be reduced again and again. "
Everyone applauded their wonderful performance. Teacher Elephant said, "Their nursery rhymes make us understand that both carry addition and abdication subtraction should win the championship, ok?" Everyone agrees and applauds them.
The ability to sum = Long ago, the kingdom of mathematics was chaotic. The 0-9 brothers not only dominate the kingdom, but also boast of their greatest skills.
The math angel was very angry when he saw this situation. He sent three little angels to the math kingdom to establish order and avoid chaos. Three little angels came to the kingdom of mathematics, and 0-9 brothers looked at them contemptuously.
Q: "What are you three doing in the kingdom of mathematics? You are not welcome! " = Laugh and say, "We are judges sent by angels to help you govern your country. I am an equal sign, and these two are' greater than sign' and' less than sign'. Whoever they speak to is greater. Whoever they point to is small. "
When the ten brothers heard that they were judges sent by angels, they obediently obeyed the command of sum =. Since then, the mathematical kingdom has a strict order, and no one will violate it.
Bear opens a shop Bear doesn't like studying, just wants to do business, so he opens a fruit shop next to the school. Rabbit and monkey are his classmates. They have agreed to teach this lazy guy who doesn't like school.
They came to bear's fruit shop. "How much are the peaches?" Asked the little monkey.
"The first basket is 6 yuan and 3 Jin, and the second basket is 6 yuan and 2 Jin." The bear replied.
The little monkey said, "If I take 5 kilograms from two baskets, I will pay you 12 yuan, right?" The bear nodded. "That I want it all. Since 5 kg is 12 yuan, then 60 kg is 12* 12= 144 yuan, right? " "Exactly, exactly."
Said the bear. So the little monkey bought all the peaches, paid the money and left happily with the little rabbit.
When I get home at night, the bear pays the bill, which is a loss anyway. The next day, the little monkey and the little rabbit found the little bear and told him the situation. They smiled and said, "It's all because you don't study well that we came to teach you a lesson." They replenished the little money to the bear.
Bear hung his head in shame, and since then, he has been very serious in class every day. The three of them became good friends.
One day, the Tang Priest told his disciples Wukong, Bajie and Friar Sand to go to Huaguoshan to pick peaches. Soon, the three disciples came back happily after picking peaches.
Tang Priest and his disciples asked: How many peaches did each of you pick? Bajie said with a silly smile, Master, let me test you. Each of us took the same amount of money. There are less than 65,438+000 peaches in my basket. If we count three peaches, there are 1 peach left in the end.
Do the math. How many did each of us choose? Friar Sand said mysteriously, Master, I will test you, too. If there are four peaches in my basket, there is 1 left in the end.
Do the math. How many did each of us choose? Wukong smiled and said, Master, I'll test you, too. If there are five peaches in my basket, there will be 1 in the end.
Do the math. How many shall we each choose? Tang Priest quickly said the number of peaches he had picked. Do you know how many peaches each of them picked? A young man came to see Mr. Liu and introduced himself: "My name is Yu Jiang. I'm taking a tour group to Hong Kong this time. I heard that your hotel has a comfortable environment and good service. We want to stay in your hotel. "
Mr. Liu quickly said enthusiastically, "Welcome, welcome. I wonder how many people are there in your group? " "People, well, it's a big group." Mr. Liu was overjoyed: it's great to have big groups and enterprises.
As a tour guide, Yu Jiang saw Mr. Liu's mind. He said slowly, "Sir, if you can count the number of people in our group, we will stay in your hotel." "Please go ahead."
Mr Liu said confidently. "If I divide my group into four groups, one more person, and then divide each group into four, there will be one more person, and then four groups will be divided into four, there will be one more person, including me, of course. How many people are there at least? " "How much is a * *?" .