At the beginning of the last century, it was mainly "imitating Japan", learning western education indirectly through Japan, and taking "Guimao academic system" as a symbol, advocating "middle school as the body and western learning as the use". After the Revolution of 1911, this academic system was abolished, and American education was systematically studied with "beauty and beauty". Dewey's educational thought is widely spread and has great influence. After the founding of New China, it began to "learn from the Soviet Union" in an all-round way, mechanically transplanting and translating Soviet textbooks, shortening the educational system and reducing the teaching content. For more than half a century, there have been gains and lessons in learning and imitation. Although it rarely has its own characteristics, "Taste All over" has some understanding and experience of the advantages and disadvantages of mathematics education in major countries in the world.
Since the 1960s, the theoretical system of mathematics teaching in China characterized by "double-base teaching" has gradually taken shape. "Double Basis" teaching focuses on imparting basic knowledge and skills and cultivating basic abilities, with teachers as the leading factor, students as the main body, learning methods as the basis, and paying attention to teaching methods, which is enlightening, problem-driven, exemplary, hierarchical and consolidated. Double-base teaching theory is not only the development of China's ancient educational thought, but also deeply influenced by China's traditional examination culture. Under the slogan of attaching importance to "double-basic teaching", some schools pay attention to sea tactics and only pay attention to grades, which increases the burden on teachers and students, resulting in serious consequences of exam-oriented education and one-sided pursuit of enrollment rate.
In order to change this situation, the concepts of "three-basic teaching" and "four-basic teaching" have appeared one after another, aiming at inheriting the tradition of "two-basic teaching" and further adapting to and embodying the requirements of the times. Three-basic teaching is to add "basic ideas and methods" to basic knowledge and skills, and four-basic teaching is to add "basic activity experience" to three-basic. Since the implementation of the new round of basic education curriculum reform, new ideas and viewpoints have emerged, among which the slogan of quality education and the cultivation of emotional attitudes and values are the most influential.
Around these two themes, educators have carried out hard exploration and practice for many years, and achieved certain results, which promoted the development of basic education in China. But quality education and emotional attitude and values are relatively macro concepts. How to make them practical, easy to operate and easy to implement? The proposal of subject core literacy has solved this problem well. On April 20 14, the Ministry of Education issued "Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Curriculum Reform and Implementing the Fundamental Task of Moral Education", demanding that all forces should be coordinated, and the overall requirements for the all-round development of students' morality, intelligence, physique and beauty and the relevant contents of socialist core values should be refined according to the law of students' growth and the social demand for talents, so as to study and formulate the core literacy system for the development of students in all academic periods. The contents and requirements of core literacy in various disciplines are different and interrelated, and cannot be completely separated. As far as mathematics is concerned, the research shows that the core literacy of mathematics includes six aspects: mathematical abstraction, logical reasoning, mathematical modeling, mathematical operation, intuitive imagination and data analysis.
The cultivation of the core literacy of mathematics should be carried out through subject teaching and comprehensive practical activity courses.
First, mathematics teaching activities are the main way to cultivate mathematics literacy. The six aspects of mathematics core literacy have different requirements in five stages: primary school, junior high school, senior high school, junior college and postgraduate education, and so on. We should carefully scrutinize, accurately grasp and effectively run through the subject teaching activities.
Second, the comprehensive practical activity course of inquiry learning is an important way to cultivate mathematics quality. Because inquiry learning is a comprehensive course, it must contain relevant knowledge of mathematics, and because of the characteristics of its practical activity course, it has higher requirements for mathematical modeling, mathematical abstraction and mathematical reasoning.
Third, teenagers' scientific and technological innovation activities are a good way to cultivate mathematics quality. The National Youth Science and Technology Innovation Competition is a comprehensive science and technology competition with a history of more than 20 years. It is one of the demonstrative and instructive science and technology education activities for primary and secondary school students, and it is a concentrated display form of outstanding achievements of various science and technology activities in primary and secondary schools in China. The competition is divided into mathematics, physics, chemistry, microbiology and other research fields 13, which is scientific, advanced and practical. Cultivating and improving related mathematics subject literacy in activities can play a role that simple subject teaching is difficult to play.
Fourthly, the general technology course is also an effective way to cultivate mathematics quality. The general technology course is based on practice, pays attention to creation, is comprehensive, and integrates science and humanities. In the course study and practice, it is bound to involve related mathematics core literacy, which complements other literacy, so that students' physical and mental quality can be fully and healthily developed. From the appearance of "double basics" teaching to the presentation, research and implementation of a series of concepts such as quality education, emotional attitudes and values, and students' core literacy, we can easily find that the implementation of educational and teaching objectives is concrete, clear and operable in the process of this change and development, which fully reflects the continuous deepening of scientific research in basic education and the continuous improvement of educational research level.
We should deeply understand this change, improve the teaching efficiency and quality to the maximum extent, and train qualified successors with all-round development for the cause of modernization. 1On the afternoon of October 6, the organizer of the seminar on promoting the construction of mathematics curriculum outline in the base schools of Zhejiang Basic Education Research Center invited Professor Wang Shangzhi, the head of the revision group of mathematics curriculum standards in ordinary high schools of the Ministry of Education, to give a special report on the revision of mathematics curriculum standards in ordinary high schools, and proposed that Chinese students should cultivate the abilities of mathematical abstraction, logical reasoning and mathematical modeling.
The content of this report is fresh and profound, showing the idea of further reform of senior high school mathematics curriculum and reflecting the development direction of the whole senior high school curriculum reform, which is of great significance. Professor Wang Shangzhi first introduced the three major backgrounds of the revision of senior high school mathematics curriculum: the rapid development of science and technology, the requirement of talents' basic ability in 2 1 century, and the in-depth development of education, which gradually established the symbol of legalization and institutionalization. Starting with the national education Lide Shu Ren project, he expounded the idea of curriculum revision in senior high schools. This project requires the implementation of all courses from kindergarten to graduate students. Moreover, the revision of senior high school curriculum is a breakthrough. Professor Wang pointed out that the outline of 1962 puts forward three abilities: operation, spatial imagination and logical reasoning. At the beginning of this century, the outline of senior high school mathematics curriculum reform developed into five abilities: abstract generalization, logical reasoning, spatial imagination, operational solution and data processing. And mathematical modeling is still a short board at present. Shortboards should be filled. Mathematical modeling emphasizes application. Mathematics has three functions: thinking training, practical value and preparation training. The training of thinking in mathematics is mainly the logical reasoning ability of deduction and induction. The development of modern statistics promotes the development of inductive reasoning. Deduction is a display form in mathematics learning in senior high school and even in the whole basic education stage, and intuitive imagination is very important. The idea of proof is obvious, and students should be educated to learn to use graphics to detect and express the results. The present situation of high school mathematics education should continue to be reformed and developed. Mathematics education in primary and junior high schools should also implement the spirit of curriculum reform and make a good transition.
Extended data
200 1, the country started the curriculum reform of basic education in the new century. After ten years of practical exploration, the curriculum reform has achieved remarkable results, and a basic education curriculum system with China characteristics, reflecting the spirit of the times and embodying the concept of quality education has been constructed. The curriculum standards of various subjects have been widely recognized by primary and secondary school teachers. At the same time, during the implementation of curriculum standards, it is also found that the contents and requirements of some standards need to be adjusted and improved. In order to implement the Outline of the National Medium-and Long-term Education Reform and Development Plan (20 10-2020), adapt to the requirements of comprehensively implementing quality education in the new period, deepen the curriculum reform of basic education and improve the quality of education, the Ministry organized experts to revise and improve the curriculum standards of compulsory education. According to the advisory opinions of the Expert Advisory Committee on Basic Education Textbooks of the Ministry of Education and the deliberation results of the Expert Working Committee on Basic Education Textbooks of the Ministry of Education, after research, it is decided to formally issue the Curriculum Standards for Compulsory Education in Chinese and Other Subjects (20 1 1 version), which will be implemented in the autumn of 20 12.
The relevant requirements for implementing the revised curriculum standards are hereby notified as follows:
1. Strengthen study and training in an all-round way. All localities should take the revised curriculum standard learning and training activities as an important opportunity to further promote the curriculum reform, seriously organize and carry out all-staff training covering all school principals, teachers and teaching and research personnel in the compulsory education stage, help them fully understand, profoundly understand and accurately grasp the spiritual essence and major changes of the revised curriculum standard, and effectively implement the educational concept and basic requirements of the curriculum standard in classroom teaching.
2. Deepen the teaching reform. Curriculum standards are the main basis of teaching. All localities should guide teachers to organize teaching in strict accordance with curriculum standards, reasonably grasp the requirements of teaching capacity and difficulty, adjust teaching concepts and teaching behaviors, attach importance to stimulating students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning, control academic burden, and continuously improve teaching quality and level. It is necessary to fully integrate professional resources, establish an expert consultation and guidance system, carry out in-depth teaching research and practical exploration around the key and difficult issues in the implementation of curriculum standards, and especially strengthen the follow-up guidance and professional support for schools in rural areas.
3. Actively promote the reform of the evaluation and examination system. All localities should guide schools to carry out teaching evaluation reform and strengthen the positive role of evaluation in teaching diagnosis and promoting students' development. Scientific evaluation criteria should be based on curriculum standards, especially the full implementation of curriculum objectives such as basic knowledge and skills, processes and methods, emotional attitudes and values. Improve evaluation methods and pay attention to process evaluation. In strict accordance with the curriculum standard proposition, strengthen the organic connection between test questions and social reality and students' experience, and pay special attention to the comprehensive application of knowledge analysis, problem-solving ability and practical ability in specific situations while examining basic knowledge and skills.
4. Strengthen the construction of curriculum resources. All localities should make overall planning, development and utilization of curriculum resources in light of local conditions, organically integrate beneficial curriculum resources in schools, society and networks, and create favorable conditions for teachers to carry out teaching reform in depth. Teachers should be encouraged and guided to creatively develop and rationally use curriculum resources according to the actual needs of teaching, constantly enrich teaching content and stimulate teaching vitality.
5. Strengthen organizational leadership. The full implementation of compulsory education curriculum standards is an important measure to implement the task requirements of the education planning outline, deepen the curriculum reform of basic education and comprehensively promote quality education. It is also an important guarantee to promote the healthy growth of students and improve the quality of compulsory education. All localities should pay full attention to overall planning, do a good job in mobilization, publicity and training, effectively solve the conditions of teachers, experimental instruments and equipment, and ensure the full implementation of compulsory education curriculum standards.
References:
Notice of the Ministry of Education of People's Republic of China (PRC)-Chinese and other curriculum standards for compulsory education