-Basic mathematical knowledge, such as advanced mathematics (calculus), linear algebra, probability theory, etc.

The logic of mathematical thinking needs to think objectively with an academic eye in the process of judging and making decisions at every step, and in the process of writing every word and sentence, instead of relying on subjective judgment easily, it is necessary to consult materials and documents and discuss them with scientific basis.

-the ability to collect background knowledge, which requires understanding the background of the research problem and knowledge in related fields.

-Programming ability, requiring at least one programming language, such as MATLAB, Python, etc.