1. Pea is a self-pollinating plant. It is pollinated by closed flowers, which can avoid the interference of exotic pollen.

2. There are some stable and easily distinguishable characters among pea varieties.

3. Pea has a short growth cycle and is easy to cultivate.

4. There are more peas, and the results of mathematical statistics analysis are more reliable.

5. Pea flowers are big, so it is easy to do artificial hybridization experiments.

Peas (peas? Leguminosae pea is an annual climbing herb. Plant height 0.5-2m, stipules leaflike and heart-shaped; Leaves with 4-6 leaflets, leaflets ovoid. Calyx campanulate, lobes lanceolate; Corolla has various colors, mostly white and purple; The pod is enlarged, rectangular, and the top is oblique and sharp; The seeds are round, turquoise, wrinkled or absent, and turn yellow after drying.

Peas are native to West Asia and the Mediterranean coast. The history of planting peas can be traced back to at least 6000 years ago. According to legend, peas were introduced to China by Zhang Qian in Han Dynasty, first from the western regions to the northwest of China, and then to the mainland. It has been planted for more than 3000 years.

Pea is one of the main edible legume crops in China, which has high nutritional value and physiological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, blood pressure lowering, blood sugar lowering and immune regulation. Industrial production mainly focuses on the processing of pea starch and protein. Peas are quite amorous feelings in China culture. Yuan Song "Cherry peas are separated, spring breeze is another year"

The role of pea in genetic research

1. study on Mendel's genetic law: peas are used as experimental materials for the study of Mendel's genetic law to study the genetic law of organisms. Through observation and experiment, Mendel found that biological characters are controlled by genetic factors, which laid the foundation of modern genetics.

2. Gene mapping and chromosome analysis: peas are also used for gene mapping and chromosome analysis. By analyzing its genome, scientists can determine the position and function of some genes and further understand the genetic mechanism of organisms.

3. Plant breeding research: peas also have important applications in plant breeding research. By means of hybridization, mutation and genetic engineering, researchers have cultivated pea varieties with excellent characteristics such as disease resistance, insect resistance and stress resistance.

4. Comparative genomics research: As a model plant, pea is widely used in comparative genomics research. By comparing with other plant genomes, scientists can discover more gene families and functions, and further understand the evolutionary process and adaptation mechanism of plants.