United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (English: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Welsh: Teyrnas Unedig Prydain Fawra Gogle DD Iwerddon; Scottish Garcai, Scottish Gaelic: in Mu Thuath's hotel; Irish: rí ocht aontai the na breath aine mó ire; Scottish: agus Thuaisceart? 0? 7 ire ann unity kingdom o Britain an norlin air lann), referred to as the United Kingdom (English: United Kingdom) or Britain (English: Britain), is an island country consisting of England, Scotland and Wales on the island of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in the northeast of Ireland, including some British overseas territories. Britain is located in the British Isles in the northwest of continental Europe, surrounded by the North Sea, the English Channel, celtic sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Britain was a major victor in the First and Second World Wars, so it is a permanent member of the UN Security Council and has veto power over bills. Britain is also a member of the European Union and a founding member of NATO. Flag of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland: It is a horizontal rectangle with the aspect ratio of 2: 1. This is a "meter" flag, which consists of a dark blue background and red and white "meters". The red cross with a white border in the national flag represents St George, the patron saint of England, St Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland and St Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland. This flag was produced in 180 1 year. It is formed by overlapping the original British white red plus ten flags, the Scottish blue and white cross flag and the Irish white red cross flag. National emblem: the national emblem of Britain. The central pattern is a coat of arms, and the upper left corner and lower right corner of the shield are three golden lions with a red background, symbolizing England; In the upper right corner is a red lion standing on the golden ground, symbolizing Scotland; In the lower left corner is the golden harp on the blue ground, symbolizing Ireland. On both sides of the coat of arms are a lion wearing a crown representing England and a unicorn representing Scotland. There is a motto written in French around the coat of arms, which means "evil is rewarded with evil, and evil with evil"; There is a guardian medal hanging at the bottom, and the ribbon says "God has God, I have rights". At the top of the coat of arms is a gold and silver helmet inlaid with jewels, an imperial crown and a crowned lion. National anthem: "God Save the Queen" (if there is a male monarch in the throne, the national anthem will be changed to "God Save the King") National flower: national bird rose: red-breasted pigeon national stone: Diamond Science Festival: held once a year from 183 1 year; Science Week: It has been held every March since 1994, with Queen Elizabeth II as a national dignitary. Prime Minister Tony? 6? Tony Blair (1)/kloc-0 took office in May 1997 and was re-elected in June 2000/kloc-0. On May 5, 2005, the Labour Party won the British general election again, and Blair became the first leader in the history of the Labour Party to win the post of Prime Minister three times. Physical geography: 243,600 square kilometers (including inland waters), England130,400 square kilometers, Scotland 78,800 square kilometers, Wales 20,800 square kilometers, and Northern Ireland 1.36 million square kilometers. An island country in western Europe. It consists of Great Britain (including England, Scotland and Wales), northeastern Ireland and some small islands. It faces the European continent across the North Sea, the Dover Strait and the English Channel. Its land borders Ireland and the United States. Coastline length11450km. The whole territory is divided into four parts: the plains in southeast England, the mountains in the middle and west, the mountains in Scotland, the highlands in Northern Ireland and the mountains. The main rivers are Severn River (354 km) and Thames River (346 km). Lake Neuer in Northern Ireland (396 square kilometers) ranks first in the country. It has a maritime temperate broad-leaved forest climate, which is mild and humid all year round. Generally, the maximum temperature is not more than 32℃, the minimum temperature is not less than-10℃, 1 the monthly average temperature is 4 ~ 7℃, and the July average temperature is 13 ~ 17℃. It is rainy and foggy, especially in autumn and winter. The average annual precipitation is about 1000 mm, the annual precipitation in the northern and western mountainous areas is over 2000 mm, and it is less than 800 mm in the central and eastern areas. It is the driest from February to March, and the wettest from 10 to 1 month. Population: about 58.84 million, including 49180,000 in England, 2.9 million in Wales, 5.06 million in Scotland and 0/690,000 in Northern Ireland (200 1 mid-year). The official and common language is English. Welsh is also spoken in northern Wales, and Gaelic is still spoken in parts of the northwest highlands of Scotland and Northern Ireland. Most residents believe in Protestantism, mainly divided into the Church of England (also known as the Anglican Church, whose members account for about 60% of the British adults) and church of scotland (also known as the Presbyterian Church, with 660,000 adults). In addition, there are Catholic churches and larger religious groups, such as Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism and Islam. Capital: London; Population: 7188,000 (200 1 year). The hottest month is July, and the general temperature is 13℃-22℃. The coldest month is January, and the general temperature is 2℃-6℃. In April 2006, Beijing and London became sister cities. Administrative Districts: It is divided into four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England is divided into 43 counties, Scotland has 29 districts and 3 special administrative regions, Northern Ireland has 26 districts and Wales has 22 districts. The parliaments of Scotland and Wales and their administrative bodies are fully responsible for local affairs, while foreign affairs, national defense, overall economic and monetary policies, employment policies and social security are still controlled by the central government. London, also known as "Greater London", consists of 32 independent boroughs and a "City of London". District councils are responsible for the main affairs of each district, but they work with the mayor of Greater London and the Council to deal with matters involving the whole of London. In addition, Britain has 12 dependencies. Brief history: Iberians, cyclists and Celts from the Mediterranean came to Britain one after another in BC. 1-In the 5th century, the southeast of Great Britain was ruled by the Roman Empire. After the Romans retreated, the Angles, Saxons and Jutes in Northern Europe invaded and settled in succession. The feudal system began to form in the 7th century, and many small countries merged into seven kingdoms, contending for hegemony for 200 years, which is known as the "Anglo-Saxon era". In 829, King Egbert of Wessex unified England. It was invaded by the Danes at the end of the 8th century, and 10 16 to 1042 was a part of the Danish pirate empire. Later, under the short-term rule of the British king, the Duke of Normandy crossed the sea to conquer England in 1066. 12 15, King John was forced to sign the Magna Carta, and his kingship was suppressed. 1338 to 1453, Britain and France fought a "hundred-year war", and Britain won first and then lost. 1588, defeated the Spanish "Armada" and established maritime hegemony. Britain's victory in the 1588 naval battle between Britain and the West was a victory of defeating the strong with the weak, which once again showed the strength of the nation-state under the rule of kingship. For the first time, the island countries, which have long been outside the mainstream civilization in Europe, made a voice to the European continent as a powerful country and quickly entered the center of the world's maritime hegemony and commercial hegemony. 1603, Elizabeth I died at the age of 80. In order to avoid the harm of political marriage to the national interests, the queen has never been married and lived a lonely life, leaving behind a Britain with growing national strength and an upward trend. 1640, Britain took the lead in breaking out the bourgeois revolution in the world and became the pioneer of the bourgeois revolution. 1649 65438+1October 30th, on a sunny winter day, thousands of Londoners gathered in the square in front of the banquet hall in the early morning, with contradictory expressions of sadness, fear, excitement and loss hanging on their faces. In uncontrollable anxiety, they are waiting for a beheading penalty, that is, King Charles I, who was condemned by Parliament as a "tyrant, murderer and enemy of the country". 1May 649 19, the Republic of China was proclaimed. 1660 restored the dynasty, 1668 witnessed a "glorious revolution" and established a constitutional monarchy. From 1588 naval battle to 1688 glorious revolution, Britain adjusted its internal system on the one hand, and actively expanded abroad on the other. After a hundred years of savings, the British began to release energy. Before and after the Glorious Revolution, the population of Britain increased greatly, commerce and handicrafts developed rapidly, and foreign trade became more and more important to the national economy and people's livelihood. 1707, England and Scotland merged, 1763, through the seven-year war between Britain and France, Britain temporarily moved France and Spain standing in front of it. From 65438 to 0687, Newton published his most famous book Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Newton died in 1727. Britain buried him in Westminster Abbey with a grand state funeral ceremony, which has always been the graveyard of princes and nobles, and Newton became the first scientist to sleep here. 180 1 year, which merged with Ireland. /kloc-from the second half of the 8th century to the first half of the 9th century, it became the first country in the world to complete the industrial revolution. 18 15 years, Britain won a war that shocked the world, and Arthur Wellesley Duke of Wellington defeated Napoleon at Waterloo. Britain, a small marginal country, has seized the opportunity in the historic transformation, has taken the lead in reaching the entrance of modern civilization and is about to move steadily towards the center of the world. /kloc-the 0/9th century was the heyday of the British Empire. 19 14 occupied a colony11times larger than the mainland, and it was the largest colonial country, calling itself "the sun never sets". It began to decline after the First World War. Britain established Northern Ireland in 1920. From 192 1 to 1922, Southern Ireland was allowed to break away from its rule and establish an independent country. 193 1 promulgated the Westminster act, which forced the dominion to recognize its independence in internal affairs and foreign affairs, and the colonial system of the British empire was shaken from then on. In World War II, the economic strength was greatly weakened and the political status declined. With the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, the British colonial system collapsed in the 1960s. 1973 1 month to join the eu.