I am a junior two student, and I get good grades in liberal arts, but every final exam is always held back by math and physics, which makes me very upset! Especially the knowledge of physics and electricity, I am very poor at it. Do you have any good methods to improve your math and physics scores?
A: First of all, I still want to emphasize to you that you must have confidence. Actually, math and physics are not as difficult as you think. If you are willing to work hard, you can certainly overcome it! Physics, in particular, began to learn in the second day of junior high school. There are not many contents and shallow knowledge points, so we should establish confidence in ourselves. Mathematics and physics are not an insurmountable gap. And there are many similarities in science knowledge. As long as you master one of them, it will be much easier to master other science subjects.
Secondly, you must have a correct attitude towards math and physics. Many students find some subjects difficult, and the less they want to study, it will lead to a vicious circle. The more knowledge they have, the more helpless they will be and have to rely on other subjects with better mastery to score. However, if some of your subjects are too weak, your overall grades will definitely be dragged down. Therefore, you need to spend more time on your weaknesses. If you don't get close to it, it won't get close to you, so a positive face is the solution.
Then, you must understand everything you don't understand. You can solve the problems you don't understand by listening carefully in class, consulting classmates and teachers after class, consulting counseling books or participating in extracurricular counseling. In short, you must not let go of any knowledge point, so as to make this science authentic.
In terms of methods, you can learn from students who are good at mathematics and physics, refer to other people's learning methods, and then sum up the methods that suit you, such as how to summarize relevant knowledge points, which formulas are often used together, set yourself a wrong book, and review and consolidate the knowledge points you missed in time. As long as you really study hard, your science scores will definitely improve quickly.
Finally, I hope you can improve your math and physics scores as soon as possible and eliminate your troubles! Solving problems is an important means to deepen knowledge, develop intelligence and improve ability. Standardized problem solving can develop good study habits and improve thinking level. A certain amount of practice is necessary in the learning process, but not as much as possible. The tactics of asking questions about the sea can only increase the burden on students and weaken the role of solving problems. In order to overcome the tactics of questioning the sea and strengthen the role of solving problems, we must strengthen the standardization of solving problems. Problem-solving norms include four aspects: examination norms, language expression norms, answer norms and reflection after solving problems.
-examination criteria. Examining questions is the key to solving problems correctly, and it is the process of analyzing, synthesizing and seeking ideas and methods for solving problems. The examination of questions includes three parts: defining conditions and objectives, analyzing the relationship between conditions and objectives, and determining the ideas and methods of solving problems. (1) condition analysis: first, find out the known conditions clearly told in the title; Second, find out the implied conditions of the topic and reveal them. Goal analysis is mainly to clarify what is needed or proved, to transform complex goals into simple goals, to transform abstract goals into concrete goals, and to transform difficult goals into manageable goals. (2) Analyze the relationship between conditions and objectives. Every mathematical problem consists of several conditions and objectives. The problem solver needs to find out what is missing from the condition to the goal on the basis of reading the topic. Either deduce from the conditions, analyze the objectives, or draw a related sketch, mark the conditions and objectives on the diagram, and find out their internal relations, so as to successfully achieve the purpose of solving the problem. (3) Determine the way to solve the problem. There are a series of inevitable connections between the conditions and goals of a topic, which is a bridge from conditions to goals. Which connections are used to solve problems need to be determined according to the mathematical principles followed by these connections. The essence of solving problems is to analyze which mathematical principle these connections conform to. Some topics, this connection is very hidden, and it must be carefully analyzed before it can be revealed; Some problems have multiple matching relationships, which is why a problem has multiple solutions.
Second, language narrative norms. Language narration (including mathematical language) is a process of expressing problem-solving procedures and an important link in solving mathematical problems. Therefore, language narration must be standardized. Standardized language narrative should be clear, correct, complete, detailed and appropriate, and the words should be well-founded. Mathematics itself has a set of standardized language system, so we must not make up mathematical symbols and mathematical terms at will, which makes people confused.
Third, the answer is standardized. Answer specification means that the answer is accurate, concise and comprehensive, and attention should be paid not only to the verification and selection of the result, but also to the integrity of the answer. To achieve standardized answers, it is necessary to examine the objectives of the questions and answer them according to the objectives.
Fourth, reflection after solving the problem. Reflection after solving a problem refers to reviewing and thinking about the process of examination, the method of solving a problem and the knowledge used in solving a problem. Only in this way can we effectively deepen our understanding of knowledge and improve our thinking ability. (1) Sometimes it is blocked many times and then "inspiration" suddenly comes. In any case, thinking is very intuitive. If we reproduce this thinking process in time after solving the problem, we can trace back to how the "inspiration" came into being and why it was blocked many times, and summarize the thinking skills in the process of examining the questions, which is of great significance to discover the mistakes in the process of examining the questions and improve the ability of examining the questions. (2) The proficiency of these methods is closely related. Students always use the first thinking method when solving problems, which is also their most familiar method. Therefore, reflecting on whether there are other solutions after solving problems can open students' minds and improve their ability to solve problems.
It is an indisputable fact that mathematics is boring, abstruse and abstract for many people, but it does not mean that it is difficult to learn. A famous mathematical figure once said, "Mastering mathematics means being good at solving problems, but it does not depend entirely on the number of problems solved, but also on the analysis, exploration and thorough research before solving problems." In other words, solving mathematical problems is not to regard yourself as a problem-solving machine or a problem-solving slave, but to strive to be the master of problem-solving. It is to absorb the methods and ideas of solving problems and exercise your own thinking. This is the so-called "math problem should examine the ability of candidates." So how to "analyze and explore", "think deeply and study hard" before and after solving the problem? In fact, everything in the world is interlinked. I wonder if students like Chinese? If you want to write an excellent composition, you must be careful, creative and have a writing outline. This kind of creativity must come from your own life, your own personal experience, feelings and ideas, and you can never write a good article by making it up. Then to solve a math problem, we should also examine the problem and find out what the problem is known. What are you waiting for? This is called "targeted". "De" means opening the channel between "known" and "to be sought", that is, "creativity", that is, using one's existing mathematical knowledge and problem-solving methods to communicate this connection, or breaking the problem into parts, or turning it into a familiar problem. This "creativity" is a long-term accumulation of mathematical thinking, a summary of one's own experience in solving problems, and a feeling after solving problems. So the summary after solving the problem is the most important. I remember that since primary school, the Chinese teacher always asked us to tell the central idea of an article after reading it. what is the purpose? When we finish a math problem, we should also think about and summarize its central idea: what knowledge points are involved in the problem; What problem-solving methods or ideas are used in solving problems, so as to "communicate" with the proposer and reach the realm of "understanding". Of course, the summary after solving problems should also be considered: whether there are other solutions to the problem; Whether it can be popularized to solve similar problems. Only by "drawing inferences from others" can we really "touch the analogy". In short, any study should not be greedy for perfection, but should strive for perfection.
2. Pay attention to improving study habits
1. Three bad habits in the process of mastering knowledge
Ignoring understanding, rote memorization: thinking that everything will be fine as long as you remember formulas and theorems, while ignoring the understanding of the process of knowledge deduction, it is not only difficult to extract applied knowledge, but also lose the absorption of ideas and methods involved in the process of knowledge deduction. For example, this is the fundamental reason why the trigonometric formula "often remembers and often forgets, but can't remember repeatedly", and then there is no sense of solving problems with trigonometric transformation.
Emphasis on conclusion over process: the characteristic of mathematical proposition is the causal relationship between conditions and conclusions. Ignoring the mastery of conditions will often lead to wrong results, even correct results and wrong processes. If you can't see when and how to discuss it in your study. One of the reasons is that the preconditions of mathematical knowledge are vague (such as monotonicity of logarithmic function, properties of inequality, summation formula of proportional series, maximum theorem, etc.). )
Ignore reviewing in time and strengthen understanding: Everyone knows the simple truth of "reviewing the past and learning the new", but few people persistently apply it in the learning process. Because under the careful guidance of the teacher, the content of each class seems to be "understood", so I can't bear to spend eight to ten minutes reviewing the old knowledge of the day. I don't know that "understanding" in class is the result of the joint efforts of teachers and students. If you want to "know" yourself, you must have a process of "internalization", which must extend from classroom to extracurricular. Remember, there must be a process of "understanding" from "understanding" to "meeting", and no one can forbid it.
2. Four kinds of bad mentality in the process of solving problems
Lack of accumulation of typical topics and methods that have been learned: some students have done a lot of exercises, but the effect is little and the effect is not good. The reason is that they are forced to do problems passively in order to complete the task, lacking the necessary summary and accumulation. On the basis of accumulation, we can strengthen the "theme" and "sense of theme", gradually form a "module", and constantly draw intellectual nutrition from it, thus realizing the mathematical thinking method hidden in the model. This is the process from quantitative accumulation to qualitative change, and only "accumulation-digestion-absorption" can "sublimate".
When solving new problems, there is a lack of exploration spirit: "learning mathematics without doing problems is equivalent to entering Baoshan and returning to empty space" (Chinese). In the society we are facing, new problems appear constantly and everywhere, especially in the information age. Learning mathematics requires constant exploration in problem-solving practice. Fear of difficulties and excessive dependence on teachers will form the habit of not learning actively over time. We adopt the method of "thinking before speaking, doing before commenting" in classroom teaching, precisely to stimulate learners' enthusiasm for active exploration. It is hoped that students will enhance their self-confidence, be brave in guessing, actively cooperate with teachers, and make mathematics classroom teaching a communication process of learners' thinking activities.
Ignore the standardization of problem-solving process and only pursue the answer: the process of mathematical problem-solving is a process of transformation, and of course it is inseparable from standardized and rigorous reasoning and judgment. In solving problems, jumping too much, scribbling letters and drawing by hand, it is difficult to produce correct answers with such an attitude towards slightly difficult problems. We say that the standardization of problem-solving process is not only the standardization of writing, but also the standardization of "thinking method". Students should learn to constantly standardize their own thinking process and strive to solve problems perfectly.
Do not pay attention to arithmetic, ignore the choice and implementation of operation methods: mathematical operation is carried out according to rules, and the general rules and methods must of course be firmly grasped. However, the relativity of stillness and the absoluteness of motion determine that the general methods to solve mathematical problems cannot be fixed. Therefore, when using generality, generality and general principles to solve problems, we should not ignore arithmetic, but pay more attention to guessing and inference, and choose reasonable and simple operation methods. The method of solving problems without thinking must be improved. Replacing "doing" with "seeing" or "thinking" is the root cause of poor computing ability and complicated calculation.
3. Review and consolidate three misunderstandings.
It is believed that doing more problems can replace reviewing comprehension: it is necessary to learn mathematics well and do a lot of supporting exercises. But just practicing without thinking, thinking and summing up may not have a good result. Students who only bury themselves in solving problems and don't think upward, although they have done a lot of problems, it is difficult to keep the knowledge they have learned at random. Only by rolling summary can knowledge be "preserved" forever and a leap in knowledge level can be achieved. The exercises in our usual review, midterm and monthly exams are precisely to guide students to review and understand in a multi-level, all-round and multi-angle way, so that knowledge can be networked. Therefore, in the review process, good thinking and diligent summary are necessary, and also an effective way to accumulate knowledge and methods.
Do not pay attention to the connection between knowledge and the systematization of knowledge: the proposition of mathematics in college entrance examination often examines students' comprehensive application ability at the intersection of knowledge. If we only rely on a single knowledge to master it, we will not fully understand the relationship between knowledge and knowledge system, which will inevitably lead to superficial understanding and poor comprehensive ability, and of course it is difficult to achieve good results. The "before and after" and "summary of problem-solving rules" in our usual teaching are aimed at strengthening the connection between knowledge, hoping to attract students' enough attention.
Not good at correcting mistakes that have been made: the process of correcting mistakes is the process of learning and progress, and human society is also developing in the process of fighting against mistakes. Therefore, being good at correcting mistakes and summing up experiences and lessons in time is also an important part of learning. Some students often stop at "√" and "×" in the homework corrected by the teacher, or even turn a blind eye; Just ask the test scores, and don't care or seldom care why they are "wrong". Note: Memories, whether sweet or bitter, are always beneficial and beautiful, and always encourage yourself to face the future with more confidence! The process of correcting mistakes is the process of learning and progress.
In short, do a good job of psychological preparation before class; In class, the brain, ears, hands and mouth operate in coordination to improve the absorption efficiency for 45 minutes; Review and summarize after class, think fully and internalize. I believe that through students' active study, they will definitely become masters of mathematics. Some students asked me what is the "secret" of learning mathematics? I don't think there are shortcuts or "secrets" in learning. To say yes, we must first have determination, confidence and perseverance. Lay a good foundation and practice basic skills. Start from bit by bit and gradually improve with time. You can't exert yourself evenly in your study. You should focus on a new lesson, the beginning of a new chapter and the most basic content. For example, a pupil often makes mistakes in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, so it is impossible for him to learn algebra, physics, chemistry and other courses well in the future. So addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are the basis. Lay a good foundation, step by step. Natural science, especially mathematics, is very systematic and coherent. Only by laying a good foundation in front can we move on to the next step. Only by studying step by step can we improve step by step and finally hopefully reach the peak of science. Second, we should pay attention to independent thinking. Take mathematics as an example, it is a subject that focuses on understanding. In order to avoid the tendency of not seeking a good solution in learning, we must analyze and think more. For every part of the content and every question, we should think from both positive and negative angles, be good at finding out the relationship between them and sum up the regular things.
In addition, don't ask others whenever you don't understand something. You don't think and rely on others. You should think it over first, so that you can overcome some difficulties by your own efforts, and then humbly ask others for questions that can't be solved with great efforts. Only in this way can we have greater help and exercise for ourselves.
Third, we should have a correct learning attitude, pay attention to cultivate good habits, study hard and concentrate. For example, some students, while watching TV, read math books or do exercises, the efficiency is definitely very low. Therefore, whether reviewing, doing problems or reading reference books, we should concentrate, race against time and avoid distraction. We should also cultivate a serious and down-to-earth style of study in our study, and don't aim too high, let alone talk big.
Fourth, we should broaden our knowledge and lay a solid foundation. Non-buts refer to many types of questions, and it is also important to learn Chinese well. Learning Chinese well and improving reading and writing ability will help to learn other subjects well, accumulate knowledge and broaden our thinking.