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Chemistry has two characteristics: the formation and development of chemistry originates from and depends on experiments, and it is a natural science based on experiments; (2) the complexity of chemistry. This "complexity" actually reflects the characteristics of many and scattered chemical knowledge points, and a lot of knowledge needs to be memorized. Therefore, learning chemistry can not copy the previous methods of learning mathematics and physics, but should be selected and innovated according to the characteristics of chemistry. According to the characteristics of chemistry subject, combined with my many years' experience in chemistry teaching, this paper summarizes the five-character learning method of "observation, movement, memory, thinking and practice" for students' reference.

(1) view

"Observation" means observation. Pavlov, a famous physiologist in the former Soviet Union, wrote six thought-provoking characters on the wall of his laboratory: observation, observation, observation! Watt was inspired to invent the steam engine after he keenly observed that "steam hit the pot cover", which all showed the importance of observation. In chemical experiments, it is one of the important conditions to cultivate our good observation habits and scientific observation methods. So how to observe the experiment? First of all, we should pay attention to overcome the curiosity and interest of observation, make clear what to observe and why to observe, and observe the experimental phenomena in a planned and purposeful way under the guidance of teachers. General observation should follow the order of "before reaction-during reaction-after reaction", and the specific steps are: (1) color, state and smell of reactants; (2) reaction conditions; (3) various phenomena in the reaction process; (4) Color, state and smell of reaction products. Finally, under the guidance of the teacher, analyze, judge, synthesize and summarize the observed phenomena, draw scientific conclusions and form accurate concepts, so as to achieve the purpose of understanding and mastering knowledge. For example, in the fourth experiment in the introduction, the basic copper carbonate is heated in a test tube to observe whether new substances are generated after the basic copper carbonate is heated; The observation contents and methods are as follows: (1) Before the reaction, basic copper carbonate was a green powdery solid; (2) During the reaction: the condition is heating, and the phenomenon in the changing process is that the green powder gradually turns black, water mist gradually forms on the test tube wall, and the clarified lime water gradually becomes turbid; (3) After the reaction: all the green powder in the test tube turns black, water drops are generated on the wall of the test tube, and all the clarified limewater is turbid. Analysis shows that basic copper carbonate is heated to generate new substances, such as black copper oxide, water and carbon dioxide. Finally, by comparing the previous three experimental phenomena, the concept of "other substances are produced when changing, and this change is called chemical change" is summarized.

(2) moving

"Moving" means taking the initiative to do experiments. This is also a kind of ability that students must form, which is clearly stipulated in the syllabus. As the saying goes, "Seeing is believing, seeing is believing." Hands-on experiments can not only cultivate our hands-on ability, but also deepen our knowledge, understanding and consolidation, and double the learning efficiency. For example, the principle and operation steps of oxygen production in the laboratory, hands-on experiments are much faster and more firmly mastered than watching teachers do them. Therefore, we should actively start the experiment under the arrangement of the teacher and strive to achieve the purpose of each experiment.

3. Remember

"Remember" is memory. Compared with mathematics and physics, "memory" is particularly important for chemistry. It is the most basic method to learn chemistry. Without "memory", talking about other things becomes empty talk. This is because: (l) Chemistry itself has a unique "language system"-chemical terms. Such as element symbols, chemical formulas, chemical equations, etc. Mastering these chemical terms is the primary task of chemistry introduction, and most of them must be memorized; (2) The nature, preparation and use of some substances must also be memorized and their laws mastered. How to remember? I think: (1) We should "teach students in accordance with their aptitude" and find different memory methods according to different learning contents. Concepts, laws, properties, etc. We should listen to the teacher carefully, observe the teacher's demonstration experiment carefully, and remember it on the basis of understanding; Element symbols, valence, common names of some substances and some characteristics need mechanical memory (rote memorization); (2) Keep searching for memory methods suitable for your own characteristics, so that you can spend less time and achieve good results.

"thinking"

"Thinking" means thinking hard, that is, analyzing and thinking more. We should be good at thinking from the individual to the general, from the phenomenon to the essence, and from the special to the law. In class, you should use your mouth and hands, mainly your brain, to think about "why" and "how to do it". When you encounter difficulties, you should retreat from them and dig deep until you are suddenly enlightened; For specious problems, we should not pass by vaguely, but should think deeply and get to the bottom of them. Thinking more, thinking deeply and thinking independently means thinking. Only when you can think can you think.

(5) Practice

"Practice" is to ensure that you do some exercises in and after class. It is a written form of applying what you have learned. Only through application, can you better consolidate and master knowledge, test out some shortcomings in your study, and make yourself achieve better results.

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