First, teach students to read and form their own study habits.
In mathematics teaching, it is very necessary to guide students to read textbooks carefully, insist on reading before class, during class and after class, and form the habit of self-study in preview and review. Textbooks are silent teachers and the main source for students to acquire systematic knowledge. However, mathematics textbooks have no storyline and are not readable. If students are blindly asked to read by the book, there will inevitably be phenomena such as "don't want to read", "don't like reading" and "reading is boring". Therefore, reading should have certain requirements and guidance. First of all, teachers can lead students to read, specifically instruct students how to grasp the main contents and key points of each chapter in the textbook, how to understand mathematical concepts, how to understand the derivation process of mathematical formulas, ask questions and think about problems. For some key words, we should circle or mark them, correctly understand mathematical language, master mathematical concepts, and form a solid mathematical knowledge network. To guide reading, we should choose different methods according to the content of the textbook. In some textbooks, it is not easy for students to see the key points and difficulties. Teachers can ask questions, and students can read books with questions, find answers, find out reasons and master methods. In some textbooks, students have a certain knowledge base, so they can try it first, and then compare it with the textbooks to deepen their understanding. In addition, teachers can also find more stories about mathematics, such as stories of celebrities such as the prince of mathematics, Gauss and Hua, to enrich students' knowledge and broaden their learning horizons.
Second, cultivate students' habit of listening carefully.
Listening carefully is the basis of active participation in the learning process and positive thinking, and it is also the premise of improving classroom learning efficiency. Therefore, teachers should cultivate students' habit of listening carefully in class. Listening carefully in class mainly includes four aspects: watching, listening and doing. The so-called watching: it means watching the teacher's demonstration, blackboard writing and action. Listening: just pay attention to the teacher's explanation and the students' answers; Thinking: thinking about what the teacher said, the questions raised and the opinions expressed by the students; Doing: it is hands-on operation and practice.
To cultivate students' habit of listening carefully in class, we must first grasp the characteristics of active thinking and activity of primary school students. In classroom teaching and study guidance, we should pay attention to cultivating students' habit of thinking diligently, be good at asking questions that students are interested in, let students solve them as much as possible, and give them encouragement in time. Secondly, ask students not to be distracted, not to make small moves, and to listen attentively. Thirdly, ask students to listen carefully to other students' answers, and carefully study whether their ideas are correct, whether they are the same as yours, and whether they have anything to add. Finally, in teaching, we should pay attention to cultivating students' habit of paying attention to their studies. Teachers should be full of energy, lively and interesting language, flexible and diverse methods, and adopt various means to make the classroom colorful and fascinating, so that every student is willing to listen.
Third, cultivate students' habit of positive thinking.
Learning without thinking is useless, thinking without learning is dangerous. When listening to the class, we should grasp the teacher's thinking, let the students think positively and listen to the class with their brains. We can understand the teacher's thinking from the aspects of language, writing on the blackboard, expression and action, and see how the teacher analyzes, synthesizes, induces, deduces, compares, generalizes, infers and judges, compares his own understanding of textbooks in preview, or solves his own problems, or promotes his own "creation", so as to learn to study independently.
Cultivating students' habit of independent thinking and active thinking plays an important role in cultivating students' creative thinking and further study in the future. Teachers should create conditions and make full use of every opportunity to make students concentrate, concentrate on listening, be brave in learning, be willing to use their brains, speak boldly and gradually develop habits. In teaching, we should grasp the key points and difficulties in teaching materials, be good at asking questions in teaching, inspire students to think actively, and make them have the positive requirements of exploring knowledge and solving problems. Second, from the characteristics of mathematics and the psychological characteristics of primary school students, carefully design teaching situations to stimulate students' desire and confidence in learning, improve students' ability to further explore problems, and cultivate students' good study and thinking habits. Third, we should combine the key points or difficulties of teaching. On the one hand, we should use visual teaching AIDS to demonstrate; On the other hand, students should be given sufficient operation opportunities to understand the truth through practical operation, and at the same time, their practical ability and exploration spirit should be cultivated. In the activities of teaching and learning, students should be educated to think while watching lectures, while reading math textbooks, and while doing homework. It is necessary to guide students to observe problems, formulas and figures comprehensively and meticulously, and consciously analyze, synthesize, compare and summarize from a large number of perceptual materials, and gradually form independent observation and thinking ability; We should pay attention to guiding students to grasp the internal relationship between scientific knowledge, grasp the key in complex problem situations and reveal the law; Attention should be paid to correcting the thinking inertia of individual students and changing the bad habit of blindly relying on teachers, parents and classmates or simply relying on rote memorization and copying. It is necessary to gradually train students to learn to think systematically and systematically, and to cultivate agility and flexibility of thinking.
Fourth, cultivate students' good homework habits.
Students' homework reflects their learning attitude and habits. Good work habits include: 1, writing posture standard. From the day students first enter school, they should cultivate correct writing posture, sit up straight, keep their eyes and homework about one foot, and have proper lighting. 2. The writing should be neat and the format should be standardized. From counting to counting, from integers to decimals and fractions, there are strict requirements, especially the accuracy of symbols and the completeness of steps. At this time, students who have been sloppy many times should make up their minds to let him do it again. 3, serious attitude, independent. Finishing homework independently is the realistic guarantee to play its due role. We should always praise those students who overcome difficulties and carefully check their homework to prevent and correct the bad habit of copying others' homework. 4. The habit of carefully examining questions. Examination of questions is an indispensable part of correct calculation. Through the training of examining questions, we can cultivate students' serious and rigorous habits, guide students to choose correct and reasonable calculation methods flexibly, and improve the quality and speed of doing questions. 5, the habit of careful inspection and calculation. In the calculation, don't copy the wrong numbers, and don't make mistakes in calculation. After the calculation, you should carefully check the "step by step" and at the same time, the whole process should be written neatly. Secondly, in daily teaching, teachers should take testing as a necessary step for students to solve application problems for a long time, so that students can gradually form the good habit of consciously testing. 6. The habit of correcting in time. Began to ask for revision of homework, and every student should correct the wrong questions next to them. Of course, teachers themselves should be serious and responsible, and their homework should be carefully corrected, preferably face to face.
Fifth, appreciate and encourage students more and establish confidence in learning mathematics.
It is a rather arduous process to change bad habits and establish new good habits, and it is impossible to form good habits overnight, but the formation of students' habits has a process. Therefore, the head teacher should fully mobilize students' subjective initiative, let students consciously fight against bad habits, consciously develop their own good habits under the guidance of teachers, and ensure that every student's habit formation is carried out under strict self-discipline and heteronomy. In the process of students forming good habits, their efforts and efforts need to be recognized by teachers in time, and teachers need constant encouragement to enhance students' sense of pleasure in success, which is conducive to the further development of students' good habits, and more importantly, to establish students' confidence in learning mathematics in every success.
Sixth, make use of the characteristics of mathematics itself to make students learn happily.
Traditional mathematics teaching pays one-sided attention to the teaching of mathematics knowledge, rarely solves practical problems related to it, and does not feel the interest and function of mathematics. In fact, life is full of mathematics, and mathematics teachers should be good at abstracting mathematical problems from students' lives, so that students can feel that mathematics is around them, thus generating interest and sprouting desire for knowledge. In mathematics classroom teaching, students can master knowledge, improve their ability to use knowledge, cultivate their interest in learning and develop their logical thinking through diversified experience exercises. In mathematics practice, we should use a variety of questions to make the practice content flexible and interesting. In addition, consciously guiding students to use mathematical knowledge to solve practical problems in extracurricular practice can also cultivate students' strong interest in learning. Through the practical application of mathematical knowledge, we can not only consolidate book knowledge, but also effectively stimulate students' interest in learning mathematics.
Interest is the best teacher, and students' good interest in learning is the best job for teachers. Students' learning ability and study habits can only be formed and developed in learning, so teachers should constantly update their concepts, actively promote teaching reform and pay attention to cultivating students' good study habits.