1. Mathematics is a subject that "studies quantitative relations and spatial forms" (namely "number" and "shape"). Generally speaking, mathematics is divided into pure mathematics and applied mathematics according to the source of the problem. It is pure mathematics (also called basic mathematics) that studies the problems raised by itself (such as Goldbach conjecture); It is applied mathematics that studies mathematical problems from the real world. By establishing mathematical "model", the object of mathematical research is expanded on the basis of "number" and "shape". Various relationships, such as language, program, DNA sequencing, election and animal behavior, can all be the objects of mathematical research. Mathematics has become a formal science.

2. The significance and function of learning mathematics. Basic education is changing from exam-oriented education to quality education. As the main body of school education, students should be trained closely around the content of quality education to meet the needs of cross-century social development. It is particularly important to fully understand the position and role of primary school mathematics teaching in quality education and improve the efficiency of primary school mathematics classroom teaching around quality education. Mathematics is a subject with strong knowledge, aesthetics and logic. Knowledge is mainly embodied in solving practical problems, while logic requires strict problem-solving skills training for students, such as careful examination, careful calculation, neat writing, standardized format, conscious inspection, timely completion, face up to mistakes, positive correction, and fear of setbacks, so as to cultivate students' learning spirit of independent thinking, overcoming difficulties, and dealing with problems.

3. Social Significance of Learning Mathematics Mathematics plays an important role in social sciences such as economics, linguistics, systems science and management science. The study of modern economic theory takes mathematics as the basic tool. Through the establishment of mathematical model and mathematical deduction, we can explore the laws of macro-economy and micro-economy. From 1969 to 200 1, 27 of the 50 Nobel laureates in economics mainly contributed to solving economic problems by using mathematical methods. The intersection of mathematics and financial science-financial mathematics is a very active research field in contemporary times. Von Neumann and Morgan stearns's "game theory and economic behavior" make "decision-making" a science. Control theory and operational research, especially linear programming, nonlinear programming, optimal control and combinatorial optimization, are widely used in transportation, enterprise management and government decision-making. Statistical quality management plays an important role in industrial management. Before the application of mathematical theory, quality management was completed by retrospective testing, which was difficult to control and costly. According to the principle of probability distribution, the method of mathematical statistics can be applied to quality management, thus producing the theory and method of statistical quality management.