Cognitive neuroscience studies and expounds the brain mechanism of cognitive activities, that is, how the human brain calls its components at all levels, including molecules, cells, brain tissue regions and the whole brain to realize various cognitive activities.
Some branches of traditional neuroscience, such as neuropsychology, psychophysiology, physiological psychology, neurobiology and behavioral pharmacology, have absorbed the theory of cognitive science and the new technology of cognitive neuroscience, and gradually formed various branches of cognitive neuroscience, such as cognitive neuropsychology, cognitive psychophysiology, cognitive neurobiology and computational neuroscience.
Second, the theoretical basis.
In recent years, the comprehensive application of various brain imaging has become a major development trend. On the one hand, it takes the ideal time resolution of high-resolution EEG or brain magnetic imaging, on the other hand, it pays attention to the precise spatial resolution of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) or positron emission tomography (PET), so it is an important technical route to project the registration and fusion of the two types of images onto the structural image. However, the biological basis of the two imaging techniques is different. The former is a reflection of the physiological activities of brain cells, and the latter is the changes of energy metabolism (including the changes of cerebral blood flow, blood oxygen and glucose metabolism rate) accompanying the activities of brain cells. However, the image registration and fusion technology eliminates the time scale difference (from milliseconds to minutes) between the two processes. Therefore, the theoretical basis for solving the comprehensive application of various brain imaging technologies at the cellular and molecular levels has attracted much attention. In vitro brain slice research found that the energy supply of brain cell activity mainly depends on the glutamate/glutamine cycle through glial cells, but there is also evidence to support that it is the result of aerobic metabolism of glucose. The physiological activity of brain cells and the dynamic law of their accompanying energy metabolism process have become a major theoretical basic topic in this field, and its breakthrough will have a great impact on many kinds of non-invasive brain research.
Third, reference books
1, Course of Cognitive Neuroscience, written by Dr. Luo Yuejia, a professor at Beijing Normal University, Peking University Publishing House.
2. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, Squier (USA), Science Press.
Fourth, the real question simulation question.
Cognitive Neuroscience —— Examination Paper for Entrance Examination of Doctoral Students in Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2008
Note to candidates: The full mark of this volume is 100, and the total examination time is 180 minutes.
1. Short answer questions (5 points for each question, ***40 points)
1. Briefly describe the experimental design and results of perceptual priming.
2. What is cortical-cortical junction and what are its classifications?
3. What are the candidate genes related to cognition?
4. Briefly describe several research methods of cognitive neuroscience on human emotions.
5. Briefly list several important research advances in cognitive neuroscience.
6. Briefly describe the cognitive mechanism of reasoning with experimental design.
7. The main points, common methods and significance of event-related fMRI.
8. Posttraumatic stress disorder
Second, the essay questions (each question 15 points, ***60 points)
1. Describe and comment on the main experimental ideas of contemporary cognitive neuroscience on consciousness research. (15)
2. Systematically expound the relationship between medial temporal lobe and multiple memory systems. ( 15)
3. Discuss the symbolic ERP components. (15)
4. A person's subjective beliefs and expectations will affect and change his perception of his own state. For example, if people have great confidence in the efficacy of a drug, then this drug will often produce better efficacy. Please design one or more experiments to study the cognitive process of the brain in the above situations by using event-related evoked potentials (ERP) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). (15)