1. Giordano? Bruno (1548- 1600), an Italian natural scientist, thinker, philosopher and writer, defended and developed Copernicus' Heliocentrism and spread it throughout Europe. He was praised by the world as a fearless fighter against the philosophy of the church and scholasticism and a martyr to defend the truth. 1592 was arrested and imprisoned for criticizing scholasticism and theology and opposing geocentric theory. 1600 February, he was finally sentenced to "heresy" by the Inquisition and burned to death in Rome Flower Square. His major works include On Infinite Universe and World, Noah's Ark and so on.

2. Galileo (1564- 1642), an Italian physicist, astronomer and philosopher, was a pioneer of modern experimental science. His astronomical discoveries and his astronomical works clearly reflect the views of Copernicus and Heliocentrism. So from 16 16, he was brutally persecuted by the Roman Inquisition for more than 20 years. 1632, Galileo published the dialogue between Ptolemy and Copernicus, and once again lashed out at the absurd Ptolemy universe system with new observation facts. 1633, Galileo was tried by the religious court and sentenced to life imprisonment. His book "Dialogue between Ptolemy and Copernicus" was listed in the banned book list. Until1979165438+1October 1 1, Pope John? Paul II decided to rehabilitate Galileo and restore his reputation.

3. Mining? Italian astronomer Dascori. 1327, he discovered and demonstrated that "the earth is spherical and there are humans on the other hemisphere" and was burned alive by the church. His "sin" is against the teaching of the Bible.

4. Servit (151~1553), a Spanish doctor, a natural scientist in the Renaissance and the discoverer of pulmonary circulation. 1553, he secretly published the book Revival of Christianity, and expounded his views on pulmonary circulation from the monist point of view. His book was regarded as heresy by Catholics and Christians, and the Inquisition arrested him and sentenced him to the stake. He was burned at the stake in Geneva on 1553. All his works went to the execution ground with him and were burned.