1. Use your imagination.
The famous German philosopher Hegel said: "Creative thinking needs rich imagination."
A teacher gave the students an interesting topic in class, "What's the use of bricks?" Ask students to think as much as possible and think far. Some students immediately thought that bricks can build houses, chicken coops and the Great Wall. Some students think that ancient people carved bricks into architectural crafts. A classmate's answer is very interesting. He said bricks can be used to beat bad guys. From the perspective of divergent thinking, this classmate's answer should get high marks, because he associated bricks with weapons.
A mother bought a live fish from the market, and her daughter came to see her kill it. The mother seems to ask her daughter unintentionally, "How do you want to eat?" "Fried to eat!" The daughter answered without thinking. Mom asked again, "How else can I eat?" "Fried!" "How can I eat other than these two?" The daughter thought for a moment: "Grilled fish soup." Mom asked, "How many other ways can you think of?" My daughter stared at the ceiling, thought carefully, and finally came up with a few more: "You can also steam, vinegar, or eat sashimi." The mother asked her daughter to keep thinking. This time, the daughter thought for a long time before answering: "You can also eat salted fish and dried fish." First, the mother praised her daughter for her cleverness, and then reminded her: "There are two ways to eat a fish, such as making soup with the head of the fish, frying the fish, or eating a fish three or four times, right?" We'll do whatever you like. "The daughter nodded:" Mom, I want to make fish head tofu and fry the fish. "
This conversation between mother and daughter is actually training children's divergent thinking.
Cultivating students' creativity depends on both teachers and parents. We should be good at capturing students' creative desire from teaching and life, providing them with space and opportunities to give full play to their imagination, and giving them opportunities to be "whimsical" and fascinated. You know, whimsy is an inexhaustible source of creativity.
Under the influence of seeking the "only correct answer", students tend to be more educated, single-minded and have limited imagination. This requires teachers to fully tap the potential factors of teaching materials, inspire students in the classroom, expand rich and reasonable imagination, and then create works.
2. Desalinate standard answers and encourage multi-faceted thinking.
Learning knowledge is not just books, but also books, teachers and parents, and others. Students should be encouraged to put forward different opinions from textbooks and teachers, and encouraged to dare to argue with classmates and teachers.
One-way thinking is mostly low-level divergence, while multi-way thinking is high-quality thinking. Only when thinking, ask yourself as many questions as possible, such as "If …", "Suppose …" and "Otherwise …", can you force yourself to think from another angle and think about issues that you or others have never thought about.
Teachers should praise more and criticize less in teaching, so that students can build up self-confidence, admit themselves and encourage students to innovate. Cultivate students to think about new problems along new directions and new ways, abandon the old ones, transcend the known and seek creative thinking.
There is a middle school student's composition entitled "All for the Examination", which describes a "strange dream":
"I can't remember one night, I had a strange dream:
Embattled and ambushed on all sides, it's really inexplicable and surprising.
What is the discriminant of quadratic equation in one variable?
Mao Dun's original name? The textbook says: Shen Yanbing-the teacher said it was Shen Dehong, and he was at a loss.
The hot sun is in the sky. Molecular formula of aluminum hydroxide. Mosquitoes bite their necks. Bang! The TV program is Blood Chain, and my father won't let me watch TV. This spring morning, I woke up easily, so sleepy! Another hateful binary quadratic equation, and the gloomy face of the invigilator. A 53-point math test paper made me cry …
Hydrogen atom has only one electron, and I have only one brain. How can I fit so many chemical equations? Why is the Constitution the fundamental law of the country? Everything is for the exam. "
This article vividly reproduces the dream of a middle school student. This is the cry of a middle school student when he is struggling and helpless. The author introduced a strong sense of innovation and a bold way of thinking into his works. His thoughts wander freely, his content fluctuates, his time and space alternate, and his artistic conception is fantastic and mysterious, which vividly shows the psychology of a middle school student who is at a loss before the exam and makes people think deeply after reading it.
3. Breaking the routine and weakening the mindset is the premise of cultivating students' creativity.
Bernard, a French biologist, said: The biggest obstacle to learning is not the unknown, but the known.
There is an intelligence test, "What method can make ice turn into water the fastest?" Most people often answer to use heating and sun exposure, but the answer is "remove two points of water". This is beyond people's imagination.
Moreover, the mindset can make students handle familiar problems with ease and solve them satisfactorily. So it is quite effective to cope with the current exam. However, when innovation is needed, the mindset will become a "thinking shackle", which will hinder the construction of new thinking and methods and the absorption of new knowledge. Therefore, mindset and innovative education are contradictory. "Creation" and "creation" are organically combined. "Creation" means breaking the routine, and "creation" means producing valuable and meaningful things on this basis. Therefore, students should be encouraged to "create" first. If "creation" is strangled in the cradle, how can there be "creation"?
4. Dare to question
Chen Xianzhang, a philosopher in the Ming Dynasty, said: "The predecessors said that learning is expensive and there are doubts. Small doubts are small progress, and big doubts are big progress." The cultivation of questioning ability plays an important role in stimulating students' thinking development and innovative consciousness. Asking questions is often a breakthrough in cultivating innovative thinking.
Mencius said, "It is better to believe in books than to have no books". Everything in the book is not necessarily right. Truth has its absoluteness and relativity, and any article has its merits. Encouraging students to question books boldly and guiding them to express their unique opinions are important links to improve students' innovative ability. In the process of asking questions, students learn creatively and teachers teach creatively. Asking questions can turn mechanical memory into understandable memory, and let students taste the fun of learning and creation.
Reflective thinking is a kind of calm self-reflection, and it is a process of taking a critical attitude towards one's original thinking and conclusions and constantly improving them. This is actually a good self-education and an important way for students to learn innovative thinking.
5. Learn to think backwards
Reverse thinking is also called reverse thinking. It is a way of thinking that is opposite to the direction of knowing things, thus putting forward extraordinary opinions. Reverse thinking is not bound by old ideas, actively breaks through the convention, is unconventional, and shows the creativity of active exploration. Secondly, reverse thinking is not satisfied with "conformity" and does not cling to traditional views. But reverse thinking does not go against the reality of life.
Domestic range hood manufacturers are trying to study how to "stick oil", but it is impossible to stick oil absolutely. Users must clean the range hood every six months or so. An American inventor thinks in the opposite direction. He invented a kind of paper that can absorb oil stains, and stuck it on the inner wall of the range hood, and the oil stains were absorbed by the paper. Users only need to change the oil-absorbing paper regularly to ensure that the range hood is as clean as ever. This is a typical example of reverse thinking.
In 1950s, countries all over the world were studying the raw material of transistors-germanium. The key technology is to extract germanium very pure. In the long-term experiment, no matter how carefully they operate, Jiang Qi, a Nobel Prize winner and a famous Japanese semiconductor expert, and his assistant will inevitably mix some impurities, which seriously affects the consistency of transistor parameters. Once, it suddenly occurred to him, what would happen if the opposite operation process was adopted and a small amount of impurities were deliberately added? After experiments, when the purity of germanium was reduced to half of the original, a semiconductor material with excellent performance was finally born. This is another successful example of reverse thinking.
Lucent Bell Laboratories, USA, a very awesome name! There, 1 1 Nobel Prize winners were trained, and ten inventions that changed the world were produced. Many science and engineering graduates regard working in Bell Laboratories as a great honor. As a world-class research and development institution, what are the characteristics of Bell Laboratories? The following words are engraved under the statue of the founder of Bell Labs: "Sometimes you need to leave the usual avenue and dive into the forest, and you will definitely find something unprecedented."
Let's often dive into the "forest" and find another way to discover and appreciate the wonderful scenery that has never been seen before. At this time, you can cheer: "Ah, this world was first discovered by me. Come and have a look!"