(A) psychological reasons

1. Too much psychological pressure. Parents who want their children to succeed and their daughters to succeed are full of ardent expectations for candidates. Expectation is an attitude, and the attitude of parents with high expectations is definitely extreme, which will be reflected in their words and deeds to their children before the exam. (1) Educational psychology research shows that moderate psychological pressure is the best way to improve test scores. However, if parents and teachers expect too much from candidates and are too strict, it will bring great psychological pressure to candidates and lead to strong emotional turmoil. On the other hand, candidates have strong self-esteem. When they expect or experience that their self-esteem will be damaged by poor test scores, they will have excessive emotional tension and lead to serious psychological imbalance. In the process of examination, when some candidates encounter setbacks, they often associate small setbacks with big setbacks, and then think of the failure of the whole examination. With this mentality and imagination, the mood fluctuation of candidates will gradually strengthen. Strong emotional reaction often leads to hyperactivity of autonomic nervous system and difficulty in behavior operation, which makes it difficult for candidates to carry out normal physiological and psychological self-regulation, and finally leads to stage fright in exams.

2. Psychological fatigue. Due to the heavy study burden and psychological burden, coupled with more intense review before the exam, it is difficult for many candidates to find rest time, which makes their brains in a state of tension for a long time, leading to psychological fatigue. "After a long period of intense study, students are unable to solve the problems that could have been solved because of fatigue, and at the same time they are accompanied by a feeling of restlessness." Therefore, heavy learning tasks will make students' brains quickly turn from excitement to inhibition, resulting in boredom, which not only reduces learning efficiency, but also damages brain cells and their normal functions, leading to headaches, forgetfulness and insomnia. Students who are in a state of psychological fatigue for a long time will lead to the decline and imbalance of their normal psychological function level during the examination, resulting in various exam stage fright phenomena, such as inattention, difficulty in recalling, dull thinking, boredom, burnout and anxiety.

3. Poor psychological quality. Some candidates lack self-confidence. They underestimate their own strength and worry about their poor exam results and the consequences. Some candidates have a strong fear of difficulties. Once they encounter difficulties and setbacks in the exam, they will be extremely nervous, worried and afraid, which will produce various physical and psychological adverse reactions. Therefore, if candidates usually lack psychological training or have too many negative experiences, their psychological adaptability is low and their psychological quality is poor, it will easily lead to stage fright in the exam.

(2) Physiological reasons

1. Extremely tired. Many students are seriously short of sleep time, and their bodies are not fully relaxed and have a reasonable and effective rest. Even some students and parents mistakenly believe that the more time they should spend reviewing when the exam comes, so they work overtime day and night and even burn the midnight oil the night before the exam. It is easy to make the body, especially the brain, in a state of extreme fatigue. Physical fatigue will not do great harm to students' health in a short time, but with the passage of time, it may develop into pathological fatigue, and will gradually change from implicit to explicit, resulting in insomnia, tinnitus, headache and other phenomena, leading to unclear examination questions, difficult recall, confused thinking and serious obstacles in answering questions.

2. Malnutrition and poor health. Some candidates are nervous before the exam, which leads to dysfunction of autonomic nervous system, loss of appetite and difficulty in eating. If parents don't pay attention to balance the examinee's diet and nutrition, and don't supplement them with proper energy, it may cause malnutrition of the examinee, lead to insufficient blood supply to the brain, affect the operation of the examinee's brain function, and seriously cause dizziness, inattention, slow thinking and other symptoms, and reduce work efficiency. In addition, due to the intense review before the exam, many candidates reduce or even give up the time for physical relaxation and exercise, which will also affect their health and lead to the decline of physiological function and physical quality.

3. Some special circumstances. During the examination, some candidates are sick, or some girls are seriously unwell due to menstruation, which may also lead to stage fright.

(3) Other reasons

1. Insufficient testing experience. Candidates' experience and skills may affect their emotional state during the exam. Although some candidates have gone through many exams, they still show insufficient experience in taking exams. They rarely strictly abide by the examination procedures, so they will feel at a loss and blindly passive when taking formal examinations and large-scale standardized examinations. Some candidates are anxious because they are not fully prepared before the exam and the necessary exam supplies are not complete. Some candidates lack answering skills, don't answer questions according to the easy-first-then-difficult procedure, and cling to difficult problems. In this way, difficult questions can't be answered, but time is wasted, which leads to the delay in answering simple questions. This will cause the examinee's mood to fluctuate violently, which may lead to stage fright in the exam.

2. Examination-related factors. The examination room situation is the direct cause of candidates' stage fright, which mainly includes the examination room environment, the influence of invigilators and other candidates. Some examination rooms have poor ventilation, insufficient lighting and noisy surrounding environment; Some invigilators are too serious, or have too much irrelevant interference with candidates, causing inappropriate tension and other factors; Some candidates are influenced by other candidates' quick answers and early submission of papers ... which may lead to stage fright. In addition, some exam subjects are too many, too difficult and relatively new, which may also make candidates stage fright.

3. Accidental factors. Candidates encounter some unexpected accidental factors during the exam, such as the exam is coming to an end and the messy draft has not been copied yet; Some questions have been finished, but mistakes have been found, which leads to stage fright in the exam without place and time to redo them.

Prevention and control of exam stage fright

Examination stage fright is a problem that every candidate does not want to happen, but it is difficult to control. We can take the following measures to help candidates prevent exam stage fright as early as possible, and provide effective measures to adjust and control stage fright during the exam.

(A) to strengthen pre-test education

Class teachers and classroom teachers should give students the necessary pre-test education and correct candidates' understanding of the exam, because "correct understanding is the fundamental reason to reduce the tension in the exam." Teachers should guide students to treat exams correctly. Examination is only a means of testing and evaluating teaching and screening talents, and it cannot completely determine a person's future and destiny. Teachers can deeply understand students' psychological status through observation, investigation and psychological measurement. For some students who often have stage fright in exams and those who may have stage fright in exams, group counseling can be provided. For individual candidates who are particularly prone to stage fright, it is necessary to give key counseling, teach them some simple strategies and methods to deal with stage fright, and adjust their psychological state and reduce their psychological burden through in-depth and meticulous psychological counseling.

(B) pay attention to the preparation before the exam

Teachers and parents should urge candidates to prepare for the exam. "If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first." Candidates should be familiar with the environment of the examination room before the exam, and fully prepare the stationery and certificates needed for the exam to ensure that the stationery does not break down and the certificates are not missed. Teachers and parents should pay attention to guiding candidates to adjust their schedules, keep enough sleep, and combine work and rest to ensure that their brains get timely rest and adjustment. Candidates should match the review content scientifically and reasonably to ensure the normal regulation of brain excitement and inhibition. Contemporary cognitive neuroscience research shows that sugar may promote the release of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that can trigger sleep. Protein can prevent the release of serotonin and promote vigilance and concentration. ⑤ Reviewing exams is an extremely complicated mental activity, which requires adequate and reasonable nutrition to supply the brain. Therefore, parents should pay attention to the healthy and balanced diet and nutrition of candidates in the examination stage to ensure the nutritional needs of normal brain activities.

(3) Relieve psychological pressure

Examination is the most intense psychological activity of students, which will cause certain psychological pressure to students, so it is normal to cause moderate anxiety. Teachers should make students understand that excessive anxiety can't improve test scores, but moderate psychological pressure is the driving force for candidates to succeed in exams. However, if the psychological pressure is too large and lasts too long, it will turn the pressure into resistance, which may lead to stage fright in the exam. For students with high anxiety, we should give them as little psychological pressure as possible to stimulate their motivation to a medium level, so as to promote their efficient play in the exam. Society, schools and families all have the responsibility to relieve the psychological pressure of candidates, reduce their blood pressure and relax, create a natural and relaxed learning environment for them, and consciously dilute the examination atmosphere and reduce the examination pressure. Candidates should also adjust their psychological state, strive to maintain a peaceful, happy, comfortable and uplifting mentality, reasonably vent their nervousness, and appropriately reduce excessive psychology of winning, thus reducing psychological pressure. Only in this way can we enter the examination room calmly and maintain a good examination status.

(D) improve psychological quality

Teachers and parents should consciously cultivate the psychological quality of candidates, and strive to cultivate their psychological quality of optimism, self-confidence, persistence and courage to overcome difficulties. Good psychological quality is an important condition for students to succeed in exams and achieve ideal results. "Formally speaking, the examination process is a process of testing the learning effect. In essence, it also includes testing the psychological quality of candidates. " First of all, teachers and parents must do everything possible to help candidates build confidence in winning and take the exam lightly, instead of taking the exam with heavy worries. "There is a significant negative correlation between students' self-confidence level and test anxiety. "7. Many candidates often suffer from exam stage fright because of lack of self-confidence, so increasing self-confidence is the best way to alleviate and reduce exam stage fright. Secondly, teachers and parents should guide students to believe that they can adjust and control their emotions with reason and will. Teachers can artificially create some frustration situations for students, requiring students to exercise perseverance in difficulties and eliminate all interference to complete tasks; Teachers can purposefully guide students to participate in some uninterested but necessary activities, develop students' self-control, enhance students' "immunity" and frustration tolerance, and cultivate the spirit of not being afraid of difficulties. Once the candidates form a good will quality, they can effectively overcome the tension and anxiety during the exam, thus avoiding stage fright. In addition, teachers should make full use of pre-test mock exams to train students' test-taking skills and adaptability, so as to enhance students' psychological experience of exams and enhance their adaptability to exams.

Strengthen self-supervision.

Overcoming exam stage fright depends not only on self-exercise at ordinary times, but also on self-adjustment on the spot. Therefore, in the examination process, once the candidates have stage fright, they can take the following measures to solve it:

1. Ways to relieve fatigue. Because of the long-term concentration of attention and thinking and a large number of answers, candidates often have physical and mental fatigue, which easily leads to stage fright. Once stage fright occurs, candidates should immediately stop answering questions. By taking a deep breath and adjusting the heart rhythm, blood circulation and adrenaline secretion can be restored to normal, and your mood tends to be stable. Therefore, during the examination, candidates should give themselves some short breaks from time to time to adjust their physical and mental state, stretch their limbs, waist and back, exercise their wrists and head and neck, reduce tension and fatigue, and maintain a good examination state.

2. Attention transfer method. If stage fright occurs, candidates can close their eyes and rest for a while, so that they can not pay attention to themselves and think about the test questions for the time being. This will reduce the excitability of the relevant areas of the cerebral cortex, and according to the positive induction law of neural activity, the excitability of the peripheral areas of the cerebral cortex will increase. In this way, the required knowledge can be easily reproduced in the brain, thus eliminating the tension and making the mind tend to be balanced. Candidates can also do some activities unrelated to the exam, such as looking at the scenery outside the window and recalling the past, which will produce new dominant excitement centers in the cerebral cortex, thus inhibiting the dominant excitement centers caused by psychological tension and removing stage fright.

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