1.D 2。 D 3。 C 4 explosive A 5。 C 6。 C 7。 B 8。 D 9。 A 10。 D

1 1.B 12。 C 13。 B 14。 C 15。 B 16。 B 17。 D 18。 B 19。 D 20。 A

2 1.C 22。 A handful of 23. B 24。 B 25。 C 26。 D 27。 D 28。 A handful of 29. A 30. D

3 1. A handful of 32. D 33。 D 34。 B 35。 C

36.(36 points)

(1) The dividing line between Hebei Province and Shanxi Province is the dividing line between the second step and the third step.

The dividing line between North China Plain and Loess Plateau

The dividing line between the eastern economic zone and the central economic zone. (Answer 3 to 6 points)

(2) favorable conditions: flat terrain; It is hot and rainy in summer, with rain and heat in the same period (4 points). Disadvantages: there are many droughts in spring; water

Lack of resources; The soil is salty and alkaline. (Other reasonable statements are acceptable, 6 points)

(3) Serious soil erosion (2 points) The main reasons are as follows: ① Loess accumulation area, with loose soil and broken surface, is easy to be washed away.

Brush; ② Precipitation is concentrated (July and August) with heavy rain; ③ Frequent human activities and serious vegetation destruction. (6 points, each point.

Give 2 points)

(4) The roads in North China (or Dagang, 2 points) are smooth (2 points) and the weather is favorable for drying salt (two or three months before the rainy season, it is sunny and windy.

More, high temperature, strong evaporation) (meaning right, 2 points) There is a flat and wide beach or flat terrain (2 points)

(5) Lack of water resources and energy; Large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises lack vitality and it is difficult to transform their industrial structure. high-technology industry

Underdeveloped; It is also a fact that industrial pollution is serious. 2 points, 4 points)

37.(32 points)

(1) objective reason: the Tang dynasty was the most advanced, civilized and powerful country in the world at that time, with strong national strength, prosperous economy and prosperous culture. (2 points) The foreign transportation is developed and convenient, the science and technology culture is in the leading position in the world, and it enjoys a high reputation in the world, with strong radiation and attraction. (2 points) The subjective reason is that the Tang government implemented a relatively open foreign policy and did not discriminate against "Yuan"; I am highly confident in the traditional culture of China, and China culture is dominant. (2 points) It has promoted the political, economic and cultural development of Silla, Japan and other countries, and greatly influenced the social life of these countries. (2 points) At the same time, it also promoted its own development. Colorful Tang Wenhua has embraced the essence of many foreign cultures and reached a new peak. (2 points)

(2) The reasons for the great changes: China pursued the policy of "closing the door to the outside world" and the feudal system declined day by day; (2 points) Since modern times, the national crisis in China has deepened. In order to explore the modernization of China, the number of students studying abroad has surged; (2 points) Western modern science has been at the forefront of the world since it came into being, especially since the industrial revolution, the society has undergone earth-shaking changes, which strongly attracts students from all over the world to study. (2 points)

Reasons for forcing overseas students to return to China: their thoughts were seriously westernized, and the Qing government was worried that overseas students would oppose feudal rule after westernization.

(2 points)

(3) Reasons for the "study abroad fever": 19 At the end of the 20th century, national industries developed rapidly, and foreign capital increased greatly, which required a large number of practical talents; The Qing government abolished the imperial examination system and mainly used returned students. (4 points) Impact: trained talents and narrowed the scientific and technological gap between modern China and western countries; It expanded the spread of western bourgeois ideology and culture in China and promoted the development of bourgeois revolution. (2 points)

Contribution: In the revolutionary movement to overthrow the imperial system and strive for national independence, in the reform and reform to develop the economy and improve the society,

Overseas students acted as deep-water bombs and fresh troops. (2 points),

(4) Situation: Two-way communication is booming. (2 points) Reason: The great achievements made by China in the past 30 years of reform and opening up have made people realize that the development of the world cannot be separated from China, and the development of China under the influence of globalization cannot be separated from the world. (2 points) Significance: It will help the world to understand China and deepen the exchanges between China and other countries in the world. (2 points)

38.(32 points)

(1)① China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship, and safeguarding and improving people's livelihood is the essential requirement of socialism.

(2 points) ② China * * * Production Party is the vanguard of the working class, the people of China and the Chinese nation, and the leading core of socialist construction. Safeguarding and improving people's livelihood is the requirement of the party's nature and purpose, which is conducive to improving the party's ruling ability.

Consolidating the party's ruling position embodies the party's ruling philosophy. (3 points) 3 China state organs are executors and defenders of the people's interests, insisting on being responsible to the people, performing political functions and coordinating the interests of all parties; Manage the economy, develop productive forces and meet the people's growing needs for material and cultural life; It is the responsibility of the government to fulfill its cultural function and social public service function, warm people's hearts with people's livelihood and gather people's strength to promote the construction of a harmonious society. (6 points)

(2) (1) Things are generally related, which requires us to look at the problem from the perspective of connection. Development of social undertakings and economic development

Exhibition is interrelated, and the change of public expenditure direction can not only promote the development of social undertakings, but also promote economic development.

Things are constantly moving, changing and developing, so we should look at the problem from a developmental perspective. With the development of China's economy and the strengthening of the country's financial resources, the people's livelihood field! Due to many "debts", public finance must shift from direct investment in general fields to social undertakings focusing on people's livelihood. Everything is a contradictory unity, which requires us to look at the problem from a comprehensive point of view.

To build a harmonious society, we should not only do a good job in economic construction, but also accelerate the development of social undertakings. The change in the direction of public expenditure is conducive to solving the problem of long-term lag in social undertakings and promoting comprehensive and coordinated economic and social development. (3 points per point, analyzed by other materialist dialectics, and given points as appropriate. )

(3)① The key to safeguarding and improving people's livelihood lies in liberating and developing productive forces and promoting the steady and rapid development of China's economy. ②

Improve the income distribution system and straighten out the distribution relationship so that all citizens can enjoy the fruits of reform and development. (3) Strengthen and improve macro-control, comprehensively use fiscal and taxation means, and increase public services to meet people's livelihood needs such as education, culture, medical care and housing. ④ Implement a proactive employment policy and give full play to the role of service industry, labor-intensive industries, small and medium-sized enterprises and non-public economy in promoting employment. ⑤ Accelerate the improvement of the social security system covering urban and rural residents, so that everyone can enjoy basic living security.

(3 points each, as long as the content of "people's livelihood" can be answered according to the relevant knowledge of economics, four ways can be given.

Full marks)

39.(60 points)

(1) 1. Population, food and environment. (8 points) Libya, Algeria, Egypt. (6 points))

(2) The key points are: it is located in the equatorial low pressure area; The coastal warm current (Guinea) passes by. (Other reasonable statements are also possible,

6 points)

③ East coast of Africa and Red Sea coast. (4 points) Role: Promote the expansion of overseas trade and economic exchanges between China and foreign countries.

Development; Spreading Chinese civilization; Promoted the two-way exchange and progress of Chinese and foreign cultures; The friendly relations between China and Asian and African countries have been consolidated and developed. Significance: It is the peak of China's ancient navigation career and a milestone in the development of the world navigation career; It shows the heroic spirit of the Chinese nation and the broad mind of openness and enterprising. It has carried forward the scientific spirit of the Chinese nation to attach importance to and explore the ocean, and provided important enlightenment for revitalizing China's marine cause.

(8 points)

(4) In restoring China's lawful seat in the United Nations, the anti-China proposal of "human rights situation in China" and "Taiwan Province Province's participation" was defeated.

On a series of major issues, such as the United Nations proposal, supporting China's accession to the WTO, and China's bid to host the Olympic Games, Africa is absolute.

Most countries have given strong support to China. (8 points)

(5) Phenomenon: the growth rate of China-Africa trade volume has greatly increased; The product structure of both parties is different, and each has its own resource advantages.

The two markets are mutually complementary; Both sides are developing countries, adhere to equality and mutual benefit and are important trading partners of each other. (2

Integral)

Reasons: ① With the advance of economic globalization, the center of world economic growth has shifted to Asia, and China's development model has created Africa.

Thinking; In foreign trade, adhere to the principle of equality and mutual benefit; (3) Developing China-Africa trade is conducive to exchange needed goods and adjustment.

The surplus and deficiency, realize the optimal allocation of resources; It is conducive to saving social labor and achieving better economic benefits; Conducive to the respondent country

International market competition, improve labor productivity and the internationalization level of products. (2 points per point, ***6 points)

(6)① Explain that national interests determine international relations, and harmony of interests is the basis of cooperation. Developing China-Africa friendly cooperation,

Meeting challenges and seeking development are in line with the national interests of both sides and the fundamental interests of the people. ② It shows that peace and development are the themes of today's world. China is the largest developing country in the world, and Africa is the continent with the largest concentration of developing countries. Developing friendly and cooperative relations between China and Africa is conducive to safeguarding world peace and promoting common development. ③ It reflects the irreversible trend of multipolarization in the international pattern. China-Africa friendly cooperation can promote the development of multipolarization of the international pattern and help to establish a new international order. ④ It embodies China's independent foreign policy of peace. Developing China-Africa relations on the basis of the Five Principles of Peace is conducive to deepening traditional friendship and expanding pragmatic cooperation. ⑤ It embodies the national nature and external function of China. As a socialist country, China has always pursued peaceful diplomacy and developed friendly and cooperative relations between China and Africa, which is the external functional requirement for China to carry out international exchanges and cooperation and safeguard world peace and development. (3 points for each point, 4 points for the answer, and full marks for the correct discussion.