The second stage (1971-1977) is the era of 8-bit middle and high-grade microprocessors, which is usually called the second generation. Its typical products are Intel8080/8085, Motorola M6800 and Zilog Z80.
The third stage (1978- 1984) is the era of 16-bit microprocessor, which is usually called the third generation. Its typical products are Intel's 8086/8088, Motorola's M68000 and Zilog's Z8000.
The fourth stage (1985-1992) is the era of 32-bit microprocessors, also known as the fourth generation. Its typical products are Intel's 80386/80486, Motorola's M69030/68040 and so on.
The fifth stage (1993-2005) is the era of Pentium series microprocessors, which is usually called the fifth generation. Typical products are Intel Pentium series chips and AMD K6 series microprocessor chips compatible with them.
The sixth stage (from 2005 to now) is the era of Core series microprocessors, which is usually called the 6th generation. Core is a leading energy-saving new micro-building. The starting point of the design is to provide excellent performance and energy efficiency, and improve the performance per watt, which is the so-called energy efficiency ratio.
From the appearance, the basic configuration of the microcomputer is the main chassis, keyboard, mouse and display. In addition, microcomputers are usually equipped with printers and speakers. A complete microcomputer system consists of hardware system and software system.
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CPU is the core component of microcomputer and the key to improve the overall performance of the system. It mainly includes two parts: arithmetic unit and controller.
The motherboard not only determines the performance of the microcomputer, but also determines its stability and reliability. The pursuit of thinness, strong heat dissipation and stable performance of microcomputer inevitably requires the reasonable integration of various control chips, graphics cards, sound cards and various peripheral interfaces. These technologies are essentially the research and development technologies of the motherboard.
Mobile storage is relatively fixed on the machine memory, and its biggest advantage is that it is convenient to install and disassemble. It mainly includes mobile hard disk with mechanical structure and flash memory without mechanical structure. Flash memory is based on >: /-8A+ 30F76T technology to realize data storage. Because it looks like a card, it is also called a flash card.
With the rapid growth of mobile computing market demand, the development trend of computer miniaturization is increasingly prominent, and the technologies involved include miniaturization and modularization of electronic components, miniature long-life batteries, ultra-large-scale integrated circuits driven by microelectronics technology and (ultra-) precision machining technology.
Microelectronics technology is characterized by fine or ultra-fine micromachining technology, and microcomputer is the crystallization of this technology. The rapid development of microelectronics technology will promote the development of microcomputer system to miniaturization, multifunction, high performance and even intelligence.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Microcomputer