Arabic numerals In our life, we often use the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Do you know who invented these numbers? These digital symbols were first invented by ancient Indians and later spread to Arabia and Europe. Europeans mistakenly thought it was invented by Arabs, so they called it "Arabic numerals". Because they have been circulating for many years, people still call them Arabic numerals, so people still get them wrong. Now, Arabic numerals have become the universal numeric characters in the world, and 99 grids are the multiplication formula we use now. As early as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period BC, Jiujiu songs have been widely used by people. In many works at that time, there were records about Jiujiu songs. The original 99 songs started from "99.8 1" to "22.24", with 36 sentences. Because it started with "998 1", it was named 99 Song. The expansion of Jiujiu Song to "One for One" was between the 5th century and10th century. It was in the 13 and 14 centuries that the order of Jiujiu songs became the same as it is now, from "one for one" to "9981". At present, there are two kinds of multiplication formulas used in China. One is a 45-sentence formula, usually called "Xiao Jiujiu"; There is also a sentence 8 1, which is usually called "Big Uncle Nine". The origin of mathematical symbols In addition to counting, mathematics needs a set of mathematical symbols to express the relationship between numbers and shapes. The invention and use of mathematical symbols are later than numbers, but they are much more numerous. Now there are more than 200 kinds in common use, and there are more than 20 kinds in junior high school math books. They all had an interesting experience. For example, there used to be several kinds of plus signs, but now the "+"sign is widely used. +comes from the Latin "et" (meaning "and"). /kloc-in the 6th century, the Italian scientist Nicolo Tartaglia used the initial letter of "più" (meaning "add") to indicate adding, and the grass was "μ" and finally became "+". The number "-"evolved from the Latin word "minus" (meaning "minus"), abbreviated as m, and then omitted the letter, it became "-". /kloc-In the 5th century, German mathematician Wei Demei officially determined that "+"was used as a plus sign and "-"was used as a minus sign. Multipliers have been used for more than a dozen times, and now they are commonly used in two ways. One is "x", which was first proposed by British mathematician orcutt on 163 1; One is "",which was first created by British mathematician heriott. Leibniz, a German mathematician, thinks that "×" is like the Latin letter "X", so he opposes it and agrees to use "×". He himself proposed to use "п" to represent multiplication. But this symbol is now applied to set theory. /kloc-In the 8th century, American mathematician Audley decided to use "×" as the multiplication symbol. He thinks "×" is an oblique writing of "+",which is another symbol of increase. ""was originally used as a minus sign and has been popular in continental Europe for a long time. Until 163 1 year, the British mathematician Orkut used ":"to represent division or ratio, while others used "-"(except lines) to represent division. Later, in his book Algebra, the Swiss mathematician Laha officially used "∫" as a division symbol according to the creation of the masses. /kloc-in the 6th century, the French mathematician Viette used "=" to indicate the difference between two quantities. However, Calder, a professor of mathematics and rhetoric at Oxford University in the United Kingdom, thinks that it is most appropriate to use two parallel and equal straight lines to indicate that two numbers are equal, so the symbol "=" has been used since 1540. 159 1 year, the French mathematician Veda used this symbol extensively in Spirit, and it was gradually accepted by people. /kloc-In the 7th century, Leibniz in Germany widely used the symbol "=", and he also used "∽" to indicate similarity and ""to indicate congruence in geometry. Greater than sign ">" and less than sign "

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