After that, I started tenacious self-study and reached 10 hours every day. It took him five years to finish all the math courses in high school and junior college. 1928, he was unfortunately infected with typhoid fever, and he survived under the care of his new wife, but his left leg was disabled. At the age of 20, he caused a sensation in the field of mathematics with a paper and was invited to work by Tsinghua University.
From 193 1, Hua worked and studied in Tsinghua University, and completed all the courses in the Department of Mathematics in one and a half years. He taught himself English, French and German. After publishing three papers in foreign magazines, he was appointed as a teaching assistant. 1In the summer of 936, Hua was sent to Cambridge University in England for further study, and published more than ten papers in two years, which was appreciated by the international mathematics community. From 65438 to 0938, Hua returned from a visit to Britain and served as Professor The National SouthWest Associated University. In a small attic like a cowshed on the outskirts of Kunming, he struggled to write the famous book "The Theory of Prime Number of Stacking Bases". 1March, 946, invited to visit the Soviet Union. After returning home, despite the restrictions of the reactionary authorities, he gave the youth a report on his "visit to the Soviet Union in March" in Kunming. 1946 In September, Hua went to the United States to give lectures at the invitation of Princeton University, and was hired as a tenured professor by the University of Illinois from 1948. Soon, my wife came to America with her three sons to reunite with her.
1949, Hua resolutely gave up her comfortable life and returned to the motherland with her family. 1March, 950, went to Beijing, and later served as the head of the Department of Mathematics of Tsinghua University and the director of the Institute of Mathematics of Chinese Academy of Sciences. In the 1950s, under the academic atmosphere of letting a hundred flowers blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, he wrote a lot, and also discovered and trained mathematics talents such as Wang Yuan and Chen Jingrun. 1956, he set out to build the Institute of Computational Mathematics of China Academy of Sciences. 65438-0958: Vice President of China University of Science and Technology and Head of the Department of Mathematics. From 1960, China began to popularize the overall planning method and optimization method in industrial and agricultural production, covering 27 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, creating huge material wealth and economic benefits. 1978 served as vice president of China Academy of Sciences in March, and joined the Party the following year.
In his later years, despite his advanced age and lack of physical strength, Hua was still fighting in the front line of construction. He was also invited to give lectures in Europe, America and Hong Kong for many times, and was awarded honorary doctorates by Nancy University in France, the University of Illinois in the United States and the Chinese University of Hong Kong. He was also elected as a foreign academician of the American Academy of Sciences by a unanimous vote of 1984. 1June 2, 985, died of a heart attack while giving an academic report in Tokyo, Japan, at the age of 74.
Euler (1707 ~ 1783) is a Swiss mathematician and natural scientist. 1707 was born in Basel, Switzerland on April 5th, and 1783 died in Petersburg, Russia on September 8th. Euler was born in a priest's family and was educated by his father since childhood. /kloc entered university of basel at the age of 0/3, graduated from university at the age of 0/5, and obtained a master's degree at the age of 0/6.
Euler's father wanted him to study theology, but he was most interested in mathematics. When he was in college, John awarded him the first prize? Bernoulli's special instruction focuses on mathematics. /kloc-at the age of 0/8, he completely gave up the idea of becoming a priest and became a professional.
Attack mathematics and start publishing articles.
1727, in Daniel? On the recommendation of Bernoulli, Euler went to the Academy of Sciences in Petersburg, Russia to do research work, and in 173 1, he replaced Daniel as the first? Bernoulli became a professor of physics.
During his 14 years in Russia, he devoted himself to research and made outstanding achievements in analysis, number theory and mechanics. In addition, at the request of the Russian government, Euler solved many practical problems such as drawing and shipbuilding.
1735, he became blind in his right eye because of overwork. 174 1 year, invited by frederick the great, Prussia, served as the director of the Institute of Physical Mathematics of the German Academy of Sciences for a term of 25 years. During his stay in Berlin, his research content was more extensive, involving planetary motion, rigid body motion, thermodynamics, ballistics, demography and so on. These works and his mathematical research promote each other. At the same time, he made breakthroughs in differential equations, differential geometry of surfaces and other mathematical fields.
1766, he returned to Petersburg at the invitation of Russian Tsar Kadrin II. 177 1 year, a serious illness made his left eye completely blind, but he continued to engage in scientific creation with his amazing memory and mental arithmetic ability. He finished a large number of scientific works through discussions with his assistants and direct dictation until the last moment of his life.
Euler is one of the most outstanding figures in the field of mathematics in the18th century. He not only made contributions in the field of mathematics, but also pushed mathematics to almost the whole field of physics. In addition, he was the most prolific mathematician in the history of mathematics, and wrote a large number of textbooks on mechanics, analysis, geometry and variational methods. Introduction to Differential Analysis, Principles of Differential Calculus and Principles of Integral Calculus have all become classic works in the field of mathematics. In addition to textbooks, Euler also writes creative papers at an average rate of 800 pages per year. After his death, people sorted out 74 volumes of his research results.
Euler's greatest achievement is to expand the field of calculus and lay the foundation for the emergence and development of some important branches of differential geometry and analysis, such as infinite series and differential equations.
Euler changed infinite series from a general operation tool into an important research topic. He calculated the value of ξ function at even points, and he proved that a2k is rational and can be expressed by Bernoulli number. In addition, he also studied harmonic series and calculated the value of Euler constant γ quite accurately, which is about 0.577215664901532860651209. ...
/kloc-In the middle of the 8th century, Euler and other mathematicians founded the subject of differential equations in the process of solving physical problems. Among them, in terms of ordinary differential equations, he completely solved the problem of n-order linear homogeneous equations with constant coefficients, and for non-homogeneous equations, he proposed a solution to reduce the order of the equations; In terms of partial differential equations, Euler attributed the vibration problem of two-dimensional objects to the solution of one, two and three-dimensional wave equations. Euler's research on the integral method of equations is the first paper in pure mathematics to study partial differential equations.
In differential geometry, Euler introduced the parametric equation of space curve and gave the analytical expression of curvature radius of space curve. 1766 published the study of curves on surfaces, which is Euler's most important contribution to differential geometry and a milestone in the history of differential geometry. He expressed the surface as z=f(x, y), and introduced a series of standard symbols to express the partial derivatives of z to x, y, which are still widely used today. In addition, in this book, he also got the curvature formula of the section line of the surface on any section.
Euler made countless contributions to the analysis, for example, he introduced G function and B function, proved the addition theorem of elliptic integral, and first introduced double integral.
In algebra, he found that every polynomial with real coefficients must be decomposed into the product of primary or secondary factors, that is, the form of a+bi. Euler also gave three proofs of Fermat's Last Theorem and introduced the important Euler function φ(n) in number theory. His series of achievements in studying number theory made number theory an independent branch of mathematics. Euler discussed the problem of number theory by analytical method, found the functional equation satisfied by ξ function, and introduced Euler product. But also solved the famous problem of the seven bridges in Konigsberg and founded topology.
Euler studied mathematics so extensively that important constants, formulas and theorems named after him can often be seen in many branches of mathematics.