Pre-Qin prose: 1, "Encouraging Learning" Xunzi said: learning is not enough. Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice, water, but colder than water. The wood is straight in the rope. Those who think that the wheel, its rules in the song, is no longer completely correct despite the storm? Be natural. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault. Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave. Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous. 2, "Happy Tour" There is a fish named Kun in the north of Zhuangzi. Kunda, thousands of miles away. Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back is thousands of miles away; Fly away angrily, its wings hang in the sky like clouds. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming. South ghost, Tianchi also. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange. The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. " Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest. The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone. And the product of husband's water is not thick, then the negative boat is weak. Cover the depression with a glass of water, and the mustard will sail; If you cover a cup, it's glue. Shallow water makes a big boat. The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak. Therefore, nine Wan Li, the wind is next, it is the wind of today; Those who carry the blue sky and never die, then go to the south today. Xun and Xue smiled at each other and said, "My ambition is to fly, and my gun will stop, but I just control the land before the time comes. What do you think of Wan Li and the South? " Suitable for ignorant people, can eat three meals, and the stomach will still be as expected; The fittest keeps food for a hundred miles; The fittest travels a thousand miles, and food gathers in March. What do you know about the second worm? Little knowledge is not as good as great knowledge, and small years are not as good as big years. What if I know? I don't know the future, I don't know the spring and autumn. There are ghosts in southern Chu, five hundred years old is spring, and five hundred years old is autumn; In ancient times, there was a big tree, eight thousand years old was spring, and eight thousand years old was autumn, which was also a big year. Peng Zu has a long-standing reputation, and everyone is a horse. Not sad at all! The problem of soup is also a thorn. There is a ghost sea in the poor north, and Tianchi is also. There is a kind of fish, which is thousands of miles wide. He who doesn't know his accomplishment is called Kun. There is a bird called Peng. Its back is too high, and its wings are like clouds hanging in the sky. Those who roll up the corner, nine Wan Li, cloudless, sky negative, and then figure south, suitable for the south. He smiled at me and said, "What happened to him? I jumped to my feet, but after counting down, I flew among Artemisia, which is also flying. And he is comfortable? " So is this little big debate. Therefore, the husband knows that being an official is better than being a township, and virtue and jun are combined. Those who levy the country also pretend to be like this. Song still laughed: the world's reputation without persuasion, the world without love, depending on the internal and external points, fighting for the realm of honor and disgrace, has long gone forever. There are countless others in the world. Although, there are still trees. Fu Liezi rode against the wind, Ling Ran was good, ten days and five days, and then reversed. The blessed don't count. Although this is off-line, there are still things to do. It is evil for a husband to resist the debate of six qi with the meaning of heaven and earth and swim endlessly. Therefore, to a person who doesn't have himself, the God-man is useless and the sage is nameless. Prose of Tang and Song Dynasties: 3. "On Teachers" Han Yugu scholars must have teachers. Teacher, so preach and teach to solve doubts. People are not born knowing, who can have no doubt? If you are confused and don't follow the teacher, you will eventually be confused. Before I was born, I studied Tao before I was born, so I learned from Tao. After he was born in me, his knowledge of Taoism also came from me, so I can learn from him: I am also a Taoist teacher, and I don't know if he was born in me. Therefore, there is no nobility, no inferiority, no length, no shortage, and the existence of Tao and the existence of teachers. Well, the teachers' teaching has been passed down for a long time, so it's hard not to be understood! The ancient sages are far away, and they are still in the teacher's question; Today's people are far from saints, and they are ashamed to learn from their teachers. So saints are good for saints, and fools are good for fools. What makes saints holy and fools stupid? Love his son, choose a teacher and teach him; If you are in your body, you will be ashamed of your teacher; Confused! The boy's teacher, the sentence of teaching and learning books, is not the person I am talking about telling his story and solving his confusion. I don't know, I don't understand, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know, I don't know. Witch doctors and musicians are skilled workers, and they are not ashamed to learn from each other. The family members of the literati, called Master and Apprentice Cloud, gathered and laughed. When asked, he said: he is almost the same as that year, and the way is similar. Humble is shameful, and being an official is close to contempt. Alas, the teacher's way is gone! Witch doctors are highly skilled musicians, and gentlemen disdain them. Today, his wisdom is out of reach, strange and embarrassing! Sages are fickle teachers. Confucius taught Tanzi, Changhong, Shi Xiang and Lao Dan. Scorpions' disciples are not as clever as Confucius. Confucius said, "Where there are three people, there must be a teacher." So disciples don't have to be inferior to teachers, and teachers don't have to be superior to disciples. They have a good understanding of Taoism and specialize in their skills. That's all. Seventeen-year-old Li is good at ancient prose and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu. Yu Jiaqi can take the ancient road, and the teacher said to go. 4, "Epang Palace Fu" Du Wangbi, omnipotent. Shushan is upright, and Fang is not here. Overpressure exceeds 300 miles, isolated from the sun. Mount Li is built in the north and folded in the west, leading directly to Xianyang. Erchuan dissolves and flows into the palace wall. Five steps to the first floor and ten steps to a pavilion. The corridor is waist-tied, and the eaves are high. Hold the terrain, intrigue. Vegetables, ripples, honeycomb water vortex, I wonder if it will fall by tens of millions. What is a cloudless dragon lying on a long bridge? After the road is empty, don't blame Eric? High and low, I don't know the west and the east. Singing warm, spring is harmonious; Ballroom cold sleeves, wind and rain sad. Within a day, the climate is uneven between palaces. Concubine, Wang Sun, resigned from the temple downstairs and came to Qin to sing in the evening. They are from Qin Gong. The stars are shining and the cosmetic mirror is on; Lv Yun came forward and combed Xiao Huan; Nutrient flow is greasy, and fat water is abandoned; The smoke is foggy and the pepper orchid is also burning; The thunder shook and the palace car passed; I don't know what I was doing when I was listening in the distance. A muscle, a capacity, extremely beautiful, looks forward-looking, but looks lucky. A shady man, 36 years. Zhao Yanzhi's harvest, the rule of Han and Wei Dynasties, the elite of Qi and Chu, and the plunder of several generations, took advantage of the mountain. Once you can't get it, you lose it. Tinkling jade, gold nuggets and pebbles are thrown away and smashed, and Qin people regard them as the standard and do not cherish them. Ha ha! One person's heart, ten thousand people's heart. Qin loves luxury and people are homesick. How can we use it like sand? Make the columns of negative buildings more than the farmers of nanmu; There are more rafters on the beam than working women on the plane; The phosphorus in onion is more than that in millet. The joints of ceramic tiles are uneven, more than the whole body silk; There are more vertical columns and cross sills than nine battlements; The orchestra's strings are hoarse, and they talk more than the city people. So that people all over the world are afraid to speak and get angry, and their hearts are getting more and more arrogant. The defenders shouted, the valley of letters closed, the people of Chu burned, and the poor were scorched. High school each grade courseware teaching plan exercises summary Chinese mathematics English physical chemistry alas! Those who destroy the six countries are also six countries, not Qin. Qin clan, Qin also, not the world also. Ha ha! Enough to make the six countries love each other. Let the state of Qin love the six countries again, and give it to three generations to be king forever. Who wins and who dies? Qin people feel sorry for themselves, and later people mourn for them; Later generations grieved, failed to learn from it, and let future generations mourn for future generations. 5, "Former Red Cliff Fu" Su Shi's autumn, looking forward to July, boating with guests, swimming under the Red Cliff. The breeze blows gently and the water can't reach the surface. Raise a glass to propose a toast to one's companions, recite articles related to the moon, and sing praises to chapters. Not long after, the moon rose from Dongshan, hovering between the Big Dipper and the cow. Milky white fog across the river, clear water. Let the boat float on the boundless river and cross the boundless river. Vast as leaning on the virtual wind, I don't know what to stop; Floating like an independent world, feathering into a fairy. At this time, he was very happy to drink, slapping the ship's rail with his hand and singing. The song says: "Gui Gui is like a blue paddle, striking the sky and tracing the streamer. I am pregnant, and I hope that beauty is on one side. " Guests have oral sex and rely on songs to make peace. Its voice is full of resentment, longing, crying and complaining, and the lingering sound is endless. It can make the dragon dance in the deep valley and make the widow in the lonely boat cry. Su Shi's face was sad and sad, so he sat up in a corner and asked the guest, "How do you know?" ? "The guest said," There are few stars on the moon, and blackbirds fly south. "Isn't this Cao Mengde's poem? Looking at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east. The mountains and rivers are misty and gloomy. Isn't this because Meng Zhizhi was trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou and went down to Jiangling, downstream to the east. He was thousands of miles long, wearing a flag, drinking wine and singing poems across the river, and became a hero in the world. Now, where is he? My son and I are fishing in Zhu Jiang. We are friends with fish, shrimp and elk. Driving a boat and lifting a statue that belongs to each other. It's a drop in the ocean to send a mayfly into the earth. Mourn a moment in my life and admire the infinity of the Yangtze River. Fly with the flying fairy, hold the bright moon, and grow up. I can't understand it for a while, but I hate it. " Perilla said, "Do you know water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has never been there; If you are full of emptiness, the dead will not ebb and flow. Gai must view it from its changers, then heaven and earth cannot be instantaneous; If we look at it from its unchanging point of view, then things are infinite to me, but why envy them? Between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. If it's not mine, it's a dime. Only the breeze on the river and the bright moon in the mountains. The sound of the ear is endless, and the color of the eye is endless. It is the creator's endless hiding, and I eat with my son. " The guests were all smiles. Take a bath and drink more. All the dishes have been eaten, and the cups and plates are in a mess. Sleeping on the boat, hugging each other, I know the horizon has turned white. Pre-Qin Poetry 6. The Book of Songs: Meng Meng's Meng Ke, holding silk traded in cloth. When robbers came to trade silk, they came to me. Sending a child involves gas, as for Dunqiu. When I was a robber, I had no good media. There is no anger in the child, and autumn lasts. Take the other side of the wall to get back to the customs. I didn't see the resumption of customs, so I cried. Seeing the resumption of GATT, I was full of laughter and laughter. Well, Parr, the body is not responsible. Driving your car to bribe me to move. Mulberry leaves flourish before they fall. In the nest, there is no mulberry. I am a girl, so I don't have to worry about it. It can be said that scholars are worried. You can't say a woman is worried. Mulberry fell, yellow, and fell. Self-pity, poor three years old. Qi Shuitang Tang, driving a car gradually. Women are unhappy, and scholars do their best. Scholars are also extremely useless. When I was three years old, I was a woman. I worked hard and stayed up late. As for violence, what you say must be done. My brother didn't know, but he smiled. Calm down and think about it, and you will bow your head and feel sorry for yourself. Being together always makes me complain. Qi has a shore and discipline has a plate. General's corner banquet, talking and laughing. Swear, forget it. On the contrary, I don't think about it. I'm already embarrassed. 7. Songs of the South: "Li Sao" is the Miao nationality of Qu Yuan's emperor Levin, and was tested by Bo Yong; While taking photos of Zhen, Geng Yin and I are going to surrender. Huang Lanxian visited to Jia Ming; The name Yu is formal, but the word Yu is both. Fenwu has both inner beauty and self-cultivation ability; Hu Jiang left and monarch, threading thought Pei; If I am not as good as me, I am afraid that my age is not with me; Mulan Xi in the morning and Shu Mang in the evening; The sun and the moon are not flooded suddenly, and the spring and autumn have their order; But the vegetation is scattered, fearing that the beauty will come late; Do not cherish the strong, abandon filth, why not change this degree? Take the horse galloping, come to my way first. The purity of the past three times is where the public is; How can you be a husband with the miscellaneous use of pepper and fungus? Peter Yaoshun's Geng Jiexi, both by the way and by the way; He is arrogant, and her husband only takes shortcuts with embarrassment; However, couples steal happiness, and the road is dangerous; I am afraid of the rest of my body and Huang Yu's defeat; Suddenly ran to Xi, and the heel of the former king; I don't care how I feel, but I get angry when I believe it. Gu Yu knew it was painful, but he couldn't give up. Refers to the positive nine days, zork; At the beginning, I talked to Yu Chengyan and regretted having him; It is not difficult for me to leave my husband, and it is difficult to quantify my practice. Tang poetry: 8 poems. The difficulty in Shu, Li Ye. High risk! The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky! Until the two rulers of this area forced their way through in the foggy age! Forty-eight thousand years have passed. Don't talk to Qin Sai. And Dabaishan, to the west, still has only one bird path, which can cross Emei Mountain. Once it was broken by an earthquake, some brave people lost it, and then the ladder stone pile was hooked. On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, and far below, the river lashes its twisted channel. Such a height is difficult for a yellow crane, poor monkey, they only have claws to use. The Green Mud Mountain is made up of many circles. For every hundred steps, we have to turn nine times in the middle of its mound. Panting, we passed Orion, passed Jingxing, and then fell to the ground with our arms folded and groaned. We wonder if this road to the west will never end, and the terrible road ahead is getting darker and darker, even darker. Nothing can be heard except the cries of birds surrounded by ancient forests. The male bird rotates smoothly and follows the female bird. Jathyapple, what comes to us is the melancholy voice of Du Fu, a sad empty mountain. It's hard to get through the Shu Road, and it's hard to get to the sky. Even hearing it makes your cheeks pale. The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface. One thousand waterfalls rushed forward one after another, sending out the thunder of rotating stones in ten thousand valleys. You've come a long way at all risks! Although the pass of the watchtower is strong and steep, one person guards it and ten thousand people can't beat it. What if he is not loyal, but a wolf to his companions? . There are hungry tigers in the daytime, and there are poisonous reptiles at night. Their teeth and fangs are ready to kill people like hemp. Although the Silk City is beautiful, I'd rather go home soon. The difficulty of Shu Dao is difficult to go to the sky, and it is difficult to squint at the west. 9. "Ascending the Mountain" Du Fu sobbed from the vast sky in the gale, and the birds flew home on the clear lake and white beach. The endless trees are rustling leaves, and the Yangtze River is rolling unpredictably. Li in the sad autumn scenery, a wanderer all the year round, lives alone on the high platform in today's illness. After all the hardships and hatred, the white hair is full, and the wine glasses are damaged. 10 Pipa Tour Bai Juyi I see guests off on the banks of Xunyang River, and the maple leaves and rushes whisper in autumn. I, the host, have dismounted, my guest has boarded his boat, and we raise our cups, hoping to drink-but, alas, there is no music. Although we drank a lot of wine, we were not happy. When we were leaving each other, the river mysteriously widened in the direction of the full moon. We heard a sudden sound, a guitar crossed the water, the host forgot to go home and the guests left. We followed the melody, asked the player's name, and the voice was interrupted ... and then she reluctantly answered. We moved the boat closer to hers, invited her to join us, and summoned more wine and lanterns to start our party again. However, before she came to us, we called a thousand times and urged her for a thousand times, but she still hid half of her face behind her guitar from us. ... she turned the tuning pin and tested several strings, and even before she played, we could feel her feelings. Every string is a kind of meditation, and every note is a kind of deep thinking, as if she were telling us the pain of her life. She frowned, bent her fingers, and then started her music, letting her heart share everything with us bit by bit. She brushed the strings, slowly twisted, swept and plucked, first the air in the rainbow skirt, then the six small ones. Big strings hum like rain, and small strings whisper like secrets. Humming, whispering-and then mixing together, like pouring large and small pearls into a plate of jade. Between Guan Ying's words, the bottom of the flower is slippery, so you can't swallow the spring scenery and flow under the ice. The ice spring is cold and astringent, and the strings condense, and the condensation will never stop. The depth of sadness and the hiding of sadness are more told in silence than in voice. A silver vase suddenly burst, pouring out a stream of water, jumping out of the conflict and blow between armored horses and weapons. Before she put down the pick, her stroke was over, and all four strings made a sound, just like tearing silk. The east ship was silent, and the west ship was silent. We saw the white autumn moon entering the river. She tied it thoughtfully on the rope, stood up and smoothed her clothes, serious and polite. Tell us how she spent her girlhood in the capital and lived in her parents' house in Toad Hill. She mastered the guitar at the age of thirteen, and her name ranked first in the list of musicians. Her art even attracted the appreciation of experts, and her beauty attracted the envy of all major dancers. How did the aristocratic youths in Wuling compete generously? Countless red silks were given to a song. The silver comb inlaid with shells was broken by her rhythm, and the bloody skirt was stained with wine. Season after season, joy followed, and neither the autumn moon nor the spring breeze attracted her attention. Until her brother went to war, and then her aunt died, and the night passed, and the night came, and her beauty disappeared. Lengma was at the door, so at last she gave her wife to a businessman. Who, first of all, stole money, accidentally left her and went to Fuliang to buy tea a month ago. She has been taking care of an empty boat in the estuary, with no companions except the bright moon and cold water. Sometimes in the middle of the night, she dreams of her victory and is awakened from her dream by her hot tears. Her first guitar note made me sigh. Now, after listening to her story, I feel even sadder. We were all unhappy until the end of the day, when we met. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? ! A year ago, I left the capital and came here. Now I am a sick Jiujiang exile. Jiujiang is so far away that I haven't heard music, neither strings nor bamboo sounds for a whole year. My residence is near the town by the river, low and humid, and the house is surrounded by bitter reeds and yellow rushes. What can you hear here in the morning and evening? The cuckoo's bleeding cry, the ape's sobbing. I often pick up the wine and drink it alone in the morning of spring with flowers and the night of autumn with moonlight shining. Of course, there are folk songs and bagpipes in the village, but they are rough and harsh, and they are harsh in my ears. Tonight, when I heard you playing the guitar, I felt that my hearing was illuminated by wonderful music. Don't leave us. Come, sit down. Play it for us again. I will write a Long song about the guitar ... She was moved by my words, stood there for a while, and then sat down to play her strings-they sounded even sadder. Although the tune was different from what she had played before, all the listeners covered their faces. But which of them cried the most? ? This Jiujiang official. My blue sleeves are wet. 1 1, Jinse Li Shangyin I want to know why my Jinse has fifty strings, and each string has a flower-like interval, which represents youth. Zhuangzi daydreaming, a saint, was bewitched by butterflies, and cuckoo crowed in the imperial spring. Mermaids shed pearl-like tears on the moon-green sea, and the blue fields breathed their jade to the sun. A moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it. Tang and Song Ci: 12, "Yu Meiren" When is the autumn moon in Chris Lee? How much do you know about the past? The small building was easterly again last night, and the old country could not bear to look back on the moon. Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them. How much sadness can you have? Like a river flowing eastward. 13, "Niannujiao? Sushi, who missed the ancient Chibi and never returned to the river, was a romantic figure through the ages. To the west of the old base, there is a rich collection of people: Chibi, Zhou Lang, where the three countries stand. The steep rock wall, like thunder waves lapping against the river bank, waves like rolling up thousands of snow. The majestic rivers and mountains are picturesque, and many heroes emerge at once. Looking back on Zhou Yu's spring breeze era, young and beautiful Joe just married him, and he was full of heroic spirit. A white figure with a feather fan came face to face, and while talking and laughing, the enemy warships burned to ashes. I am wandering in the battlefield today. I feel a feeling heart and give birth to white hair prematurely. Life is like a dream, sprinkle a glass of wine to pay tribute to the bright moon on the river. 14, "Yong Yu Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia" Xin Qiji has been through the ages, the hero is nowhere to be found, where Sun Zhongmou is. Dancing pavilions and singing platforms always blow away. The setting sun shines on the grassland covered with grass and trees. People say that this was once the place where Emperor Wu of Song lived. Looking back, how powerful he was when he led the Northern Expedition and recovered lost ground! However, Li Liu Yi Long, the son of Liu Wang Yilong, was a great success and made a swift northern expedition. Instead, he made the Northern Wei Emperor Wu Tuoba fly south and returned to the north bank of the Yangtze River, which was severely hit by his opponent. I have been back to the south for forty-three years, and I still remember the war scenes in Yangzhou. Looking back, there was a crow club drum under the beaver temple. Who can ask, Lian Po is too old to eat? 15, "Qinyuanchun. Changsha "Modern Mao Zedong is independent of the cold autumn, with Xiangjiang River to the north and Orange Island. You see the mountains and plains, and the layers of forests are all dyed; The river is full of water, and hundreds of people compete for the flow. The eagle strikes the sky, the fish is shallow, and all kinds of frost fight for freedom. Lonely, ask the boundless earth, who is in charge of ups and downs? I took a hundred couples on a trip to reminisce about the past years. Just a classmate and teenager, in full bloom; Scholar spirit, Fang Qiu. Pointing out the maze, inspiring words, the dirt in Wan Huhou that year. Remember, when the midstream hit the water, the waves stopped the speedboat! Other ancient poems must recite the title 1, and ten quotations from Confucius in The Analects of Confucius: "Learning from the times is not right? "Have friends come from afar, joy? Ignorance and dissatisfaction are not gentlemen? " Confucius said, "Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher." Confucius said, "Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous." Confucius said, "What do you know? Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing, but knowing. " Zi Gong asked, "Why did Confucius call it Wen?" Confucius said, "I am quick and eager to learn, and I am not ashamed to ask questions. It is called' Wen'." Confucius said, "What's the use of studying silently, never getting tired of learning and never getting tired of teaching?" Confucius said: "In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Choose good and follow it, but change it if it is not good. " Confucius said, "Knowing is not as good as being kind, and being kind is not as good as being happy." Zi said in Sichuan: "The deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night." Confucius said, "I don't eat every day and I don't sleep at night. It's no use thinking about it. It is better to learn. " Choose one that you think can be admitted.