First, what is a tutorial:
Under the guidance of the new curriculum concept, the tutorial plan is a "teaching-learning-in-one" design scheme designed collectively or individually by teachers according to the teaching content of the subject or class and with the participation of students, which promotes students' independent and cooperative inquiry learning.
Second, the difference between tutoring plan and teaching plan:
The lesson plan is designed for teachers, and the emphasis is on what the teacher says and how to say it; The focus of the tutorial system plan is how to fully mobilize students' learning enthusiasm and how to guide students to acquire knowledge and ability.
Third, the role of the counseling program:
Teachers have changed from the instructor of students' learning to the planner, organizer, promoter and guide of students' learning, thus fundamentally changing students' learning methods. Therefore, the tutoring plan provides six functions for students' autonomous learning: 1, which is a road map for students' autonomous learning and provides an effective way for students' efficient autonomous learning; 2. It is the presentation table of classroom knowledge structure system; 3. It is the backup data displayed by students in class; 4. It is an in-class notebook for students to study in class; 5. It is written material for self-reflection and summary; This is a study material, which needs to be reviewed and consolidated in the future.
Four, the mode of counseling program:
Preliminary: the basic model of Taigu learning plan+classroom detection, with specific steps as follows: reviewing the old and learning new-setting questions-self-detection-consolidating training-expanding exploration-classroom detection. Disadvantages: the links are complicated and there are too many contents, so one class can't be completed completely.
The development is as follows: four links to review each other-setting questions and reading guidance-layered practice-classroom test. The above three, four and five links are combined into layered exercises, which require the designed questions to be more typical and representative.
When writing a counseling plan, it is emphasized that the counseling plan and the study plan should be written separately. The guidance plan focuses on what teachers should do before, during and after class, how to create problem scenarios, how to explain the key points and difficulties of teaching, what is the operation mode of each link, what problems should be solved in each link and how to solve them. The study plan only presents each learning link to students. Disadvantages: It increases teachers' teaching links, increases teachers' burden, and makes teachers busy writing all kinds of written contents every day, so they can't or have no time to study textbooks and teaching.
Personally, I prefer the combination of case guidance and case guidance, that is, case guidance to students and case guidance to teachers.
Five, the composition of the course:
A complete counseling plan should include: learning objectives, learning emphases and difficulties, mutual review and review, topic introduction, independent inquiry, layered practice, learning method guidance, homework assignment and classroom test.
1, Design of learning objectives:
In teaching plans, we often use understanding, comprehension and mastery to describe the teaching behavior and the degree of achieving the goal. However, in the tutoring plan, students need to determine their own learning tasks through learning goals, and test the degree of realization of the goals through learning. Therefore, the setting of learning objectives should be characterized by accurate generalization, conciseness and operability. In practice, we should pay attention to:
(1) The learning goal can be set from three aspects: how to learn, what to learn, and how far to learn. For example, the learning goal of the course "Unequal Relations" is to know the meaning of inequality, tell the meaning of inequality, and express common unequal relations with inequality. Among them, the words "knowing, speaking, using and expressing are universal" not only indicate the learning style but also point out the degree of reaching the standard.
(2) The learning goal is roughly corresponding to the "independent inquiry link".
(3) The learning objectives are consistent with the requirements of classroom tests and homework. We require: what to set the goal, what to learn, what to practice and what to test. In this way, the tutorial plan overcomes the phenomenon of arranging exercises in advance in the past, reduces the learning difficulty and reduces the workload. Therefore, it is very important to determine the appropriateness of the target. You can use your own research or collective discussion in teaching and research.
2. Setting of key points and difficulties:
Predict possible difficulties according to students' cognitive level and knowledge background; Determine the learning focus according to the curriculum standards. So as to remind students of the key problems to master and stimulate their confidence in overcoming difficulties and solving problems. For example, the first lesson of Pythagorean theorem
Learning focus: experience the process of exploring Pythagorean theorem;
Learning difficulties: Pythagorean theorem can be used to solve some simple practical problems.
3. Retrospection and Retrospection Content Design:
Review the knowledge points related to this section in the past to lay the foundation for learning this section.
The role of this link: clear the obstacles to learning new knowledge and prepare for learning new knowledge.
For example, the first lesson of the Nature of Parallelogram needs to review related contents:
(1), what are the properties of parallel lines?
(2) What is the judgment method of triangle congruence?
(3) What did you learn about the definition of parallelogram in primary school?
(4) How to draw a parallelogram?
The above three parts should be written in the study plan and presented to the students.
4. Project introduction:
Good lead-in can arouse students' interest and stimulate their strong thirst for knowledge, while natural, smooth and appropriate lead-in is the beginning of a successful class. Commonly used introductions include: story introduction, question introduction, comment introduction, etc.
This link should be written in the blank of the guide.
5. Design of independent inquiry:
This link is the core of the whole counseling plan, and it should reflect the function of guiding learning, thinking and practice.
In this link, the tutoring plan should clarify the scope of study for students, put forward learning requirements and inspire students to think. The knowledge points and moral education points in the teaching materials are hidden in the specific material scenes (life scenes) or classroom activities. Guide students to enter autonomous learning through exploratory questions. In the process of solving problems, cultivate students' ability.
For example, in the first class of parallelogram nature, I designed autonomous learning to explore new knowledge in this way.
6. The design of layered exercises:
According to the students' reality, design exercises at different levels, so that students at different levels can choose independently and give students the "flexible right" to practice. Generally, 2-3 groups of exercises are designed, that is, basic consolidation, comprehensive application and expansion. The problem should be from easy to difficult, which is typical, representative and extensible. The third group of exercises is best to infiltrate the middle school questions related to this knowledge. In this way, poor students have food, excellent students have food, everyone can practice successfully, and students can learn and practice.
The above five or six parts should be written in the study plan and presented to the students.
7, learning guidance:
There are two common forms. The first is the research method of mathematics. Every chapter of mathematics textbooks consciously and step by step permeates the scientific research methods of mathematics, so that students are influenced and trained by scientific methods while learning mathematics knowledge, and gradually master the most basic and main scientific methods, thus achieving the goal of paying equal attention to knowledge learning and ability training. For example, when the inquiry activity of "the nature of parallelogram" in the first class comes to an end, the teacher can guide and explain that the method of transforming a triangle into a quadrilateral is a common method to solve quadrilateral problems, so the auxiliary line of quadrilateral problems is diagonal. Another example is the first lesson of Pythagorean Theorem, which explores Pythagorean Theorem by "digging and filling method". At this time, teachers can find the area of irregular graphics, transform the "digging and filling method" into regular graphics, and seek common methods. The guidance of instant learning method is the timely guidance and promotion of teachers' knowledge in the process of learning plan teaching. This part can be written in the blank of study guidance in the study plan.
The second learning method commonly used by students. Such as: reading skills, note-taking methods, autonomous learning methods, teamwork skills, etc. This part should be the teacher's timely reminder and guidance to the students in the teaching plan, and it does not have to be written in the guidance plan.
8, homework layout:
Classroom assignments are feedback activities in classroom teaching and should be closely combined with the contents of this section. Appropriate arrangements should be made, preferably at different levels, which can be divided into compulsory questions and multiple-choice questions, so that students at different levels can have enough to eat.
9. Classroom test:
The topic of this part is to test the students' mastery of this section. We should focus on basic questions, and a middle school student's ability improvement question can be mixed appropriately, and the number of questions should be controlled at 3-5. Usually in the last 5 minutes of class. And separate the thesis from the tutorial, and finally send it to the students.
Six, the preparation principle of counseling plan:
1, the principle of class time, write the content of a class as a study plan as much as possible. Determine the content of the tutorial plan according to the content of the class. This will help to adjust the amount of knowledge learning in class hours, strengthen the planning, pertinence and timeliness of teaching, and build an efficient classroom.
2. The principle of solving problems In the process of independent inquiry, this principle pays special attention. Guide students to enter autonomous learning through exploratory questions.
How to design the problem?
Questions should inspire students' thinking;
Don't have too many problems;
Questions should guide students to read and think;
Fill in as few questions or knowledge points as possible, to prevent students from filling in the blanks according to the textbook, check the figures and inhibit students from thinking positively;
The narrative of the problem should arouse students' active thinking and participation. Such as "what do you think", "the basis of your judgment", "your reasons" and so on.
By carefully designing questions, let students realize that it is impossible to solve the problems designed by teachers without reading, reading without looking at details, reading without thinking, thinking without deep thinking and supporting elegance. Let students really find solutions to problems designed by teachers, learn to read books and learn to teach themselves.
3. Methodological principles When studying students' reading, thinking and answering questions, teachers should consider the questions from the students' point of view so as to guide students how to do it in time. The guiding contents and elements in the learning plan, such as the design of learning objectives, problem tips, problem-solving ideas, methods and skills, constitute a clear learning norm.
4. The design of the hierarchical and progressive principle guiding scheme should reflect that teachers teach students in accordance with their aptitude, so that top students can see challenges, middle students can see encouragement, and students with learning difficulties can see encouragement. Students at different levels can develop. At any level, students should be allowed to explore and acquire knowledge independently in the "nearest development zone". When asking questions, we should first consider their differences in knowledge level and personality, and guide them with appropriate gradients. To do this, teachers must clearly understand students' learning level and knowledge.
Seven, two problems that should be paid attention to in the design of counseling plan.
1, lesson plans should be the crystallization of teachers' collective and personal wisdom * * * Lesson plans are teachers' personal art, and the design of lesson plans is not only personal art but also collective wisdom. Each teacher's understanding of the teaching materials is inconsistent, and he has a great grasp of the teaching objectives and students' learning situation, and there are also some differences in the use of learning plans to achieve classroom guidance. Therefore, we advocate that the developed learning plan should be reviewed by the preparation group or the teaching and research group, and every teaching goal should be recognized.
2. The tutoring plan should be designed to facilitate classroom teaching.
(1)B4 One page is the best design for each course. Students will not turn pages after a class.
(2) Number the learning activities in sequence, and the sequence symbols in front of the teaching links should be represented by icons, so that when teachers organize teaching in the classroom, students can accurately locate the learning activities according to the requirements of teachers.
(3) Pay attention to line spacing, so that students can read fluently without confusing the context.
(4) There should be room for teachers' personalized teaching.
In short, the "learning plan" of mathematics is to guide students to actively cooperate and exchange knowledge on the basis of independent inquiry in group cooperative learning. "Tutorial system" has created more opportunities for students to study independently and an activity platform for independent inquiry, and provided students with sufficient time and space for thinking. Through the implementation of the tutorial system plan, students have truly realized the transformation from "learning" to "learning" and "enjoying learning". Of course, in use
When making the "tutorial plan", we should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, use them rationally and treat them flexibly.