This mythical inference sums up the sun to some extent. As the central celestial body of the solar system, it can be said that the living conditions of all other planets are created by the sun, which naturally includes our home earth.
The surface temperature of the sun reaches an astonishing 5500 degrees, which warms the earth about 65.438+0.5 billion kilometers away and provides energy for life on the earth.
What has been bothering us is that the sun can heat the earth1.500 million kilometers away. Why does the sun pass through space without any heat leakage, resulting in space almost approaching absolute zero? This is the topic we are going to discuss today.
Looking at the sky from the naked eye, the sun is like a big fireball with light, which affects all the celestial bodies in the solar system with its blazing high temperature. But here also raises a question, where does the high temperature of the sun come from?
As we all know, the three elements of flame combustion are fuel, heat and oxygen, but the sun, as a star, does not have these so-called leading conditions, and even if it does, the fuel carried by the sun itself is not enough to support its combustion for 4.6 billion years.
For a long time, the research on the principle of solar energy combustion has made many scientists feel hopeless. They can't find a way to explain the truth, or they can't explore the mystery of the sun with the existing mathematical laws. It was not until the theory of nuclear physics was put forward that scientists opened the door to the new world.
Simply put, the existence of nuclear physics makes scientists realize that there may be an unimaginable energy in the universe. With the help of Einstein's mass-energy equivalent equation, scientists are more and more sure that mass contains huge energy, and the sun uses the nuclear fusion generated by its mass to emit light and heat.
But this concept was not accepted by the scientific community at first, because the conditions of nuclear fusion are extremely harsh. If an atomic bomb needs to be detonated under the existing technology of human civilization, the possibility of nuclear fusion will be created at a high temperature close to 1 100 million degrees.
However, according to the data observed at that time, the surface temperature of the sun is only 5500 degrees, and even its core temperature is only150,000 degrees, which is far from the standard of1000,000 degrees. How does nuclear fusion produce and release huge energy?
This needs to mention another theory: quantum tunneling effect. The so-called quantum tunneling effect is a quantum behavior that microscopic particles can penetrate or cross the barrier, although the height of the barrier is greater than the total energy of the particles.
When this theory is applied to the sun, it is easy to explain why it produces nuclear fusion. Although the temperature of the sun is not up to standard, the mass of the sun is too huge, accounting for almost 99.86% of the entire solar system.
Under the action of gravity, even if the probability of a single particle producing nuclear fusion is pitiful, if the perspective is pulled back to the whole solar system, the probability of the sun being ignited by nuclear fusion is almost 100%, which is why the sun can still emit light and heat until now.
In the process of solar nuclear fusion, photons and neutrinos will continue to spread throughout the solar system. When photons reach the earth through nebulae in space, they will bring light and heat to the earth, which is also the beginning of all life on the earth.
But the strange thing is, since photons from the sun can heat the earth, why can't space be "warm" when traveling through space? So that the whole space is in a state of absolute zero.
Actually, answering this question is not complicated. We must first understand the concept of temperature, or to put it bluntly, how the heat that our human body can feel exists.
Modern physics believes that temperature is the intensity of thermal motion of an object molecule. The higher the temperature produced by an object, the stronger its molecular thermal motion. From here, we can also see that there must be two conditions for the heat to rise: one is that there are enough objects and molecules, and the other is that the molecules are doing strenuous exercise.
The earth is a celestial body whose density is much higher than that in space, and its composition is composed of a large number of substance molecules.
When the photons emitted by the sun reach the surface of the earth, it will cause the molecules of the earth to move violently, and the temperature will naturally rise wherever they go, which is why we can feel the heat.
But the space is different. According to the results of Planck satellite exploration, the number of hydrogen atoms is less than one square meter in terms of the current density of the universe. In other words, there is almost no matter in space, and its emptiness is far beyond our imagination.
This is also the reason why the sun can't heat space, because it doesn't meet the basic conditions of temperature generation at all: there are not enough object molecules in space, and it can't do thermal motion in the path of photons.
Just like sending a message to save your girlfriend when you are lovelorn, no matter what you say, who knows that people can't receive your message at all because of the signal, isn't that useless?
Because there is no leading condition, you can't save your girlfriend, and the heat of the sun can't warm space.
But in fact, space itself still has a certain temperature, which comes from the continuous cooling caused by the expansion of space after the Big Bang.
Up to today, the temperature has almost dropped to MINUS 270.3 degrees, which is about 2.85 degrees higher than absolute zero and almost close to absolute zero.
Interestingly, if we are naked in space, we will never freeze to death because it is too cold, but will be suffocated alive, because there is nothing in space, and cold has no meaning here.