1、
Second, the analysis of test questions
teaching process
(A) the introduction of new courses
Play the video of marathon running. Teacher's narrator: Marathon running is an extreme sport lasting over 40km and over 2h. Athletes consume at least 300 grams of sugar per hour. Blood sugar can supplement the sugar consumed by muscles due to exercise. The blood sugar level of normal people is 0.8 ~1.2g/l (80 ~120mg/dl), and the whole body blood volume is about 5L.
Question: (1) According to the material calculation, how long can an athlete run only on blood glucose?
(2) A lot of glucose is consumed during long-distance running. Do you think the blood sugar concentration will decrease?
(3) Research shows that in the process of long-distance running, although blood sugar is constantly consumed, its content is basically maintained at about 0.9 g/L. How to supplement blood sugar?
(4) A large amount of glucose is absorbed into the body after meals, but the blood sugar content of normal people only rises briefly, and soon returns to normal. Why?
Students think about calculation, and then discuss communication. Representatives of each study group report their achievements, and teachers and students jointly evaluate, analyze and improve them, and get the correct answer.
Question: What is the source and destination of the body's regulation of blood sugar? Homeopathic blackboard writing project.
(B) the new curriculum teaching
1. The source and destination of blood sugar
Guide students to try to summarize independently according to the results discussed above, and then ppt will show pictures of "the sources and ways of blood sugar", and the teacher will elaborate.
Transition: When the body is hungry for a long time or the liver function is not strong, the blood sugar concentration will decrease. When the blood sugar content is too low, the cells in the body lack energy supply, which will lead to dizziness, palpitation, limb weakness and other symptoms, and even lead to death in severe cases. When the blood sugar concentration is too high, glucose will be excreted from the kidneys, resulting in diabetes, which will cause the loss of nutrients in the body and be harmful to health. Therefore, the balance of blood sugar is of great significance for ensuring the energy supply of human tissues and organs and maintaining human health. So how does the blood sugar in the human body keep balance?
2. Regulation of insulin and glucagon on blood sugar balance
Question: What hormones did we learn in junior high school that can affect the content of blood sugar? (insulin)
Transition: In addition to insulin, glucagon is also closely related to the regulation of blood sugar.
Projecting islets, showing islet A cells and islet B cells, and explaining the hormones secreted by them.
Question: How do insulin and glucagon regulate the blood sugar balance by controlling the source and pathway of blood sugar?
Summary: Insulin lowers blood sugar by inhibiting the source and promoting the progress. Glucagon raises blood sugar by promoting sources and inhibiting ways.
(3) Consolidate and improve
Please discuss and draw a schematic diagram of blood sugar regulation mechanism in groups and show it by projection.
(4) Summarize the homework
Teachers and students summarize what they have learned in this section and leave homework: collect relevant information to understand the symptoms and treatment of diabetes.
blackboard-writing design
Special analysis of national defense
1. What is the source and destination of blood sugar?
Reference answer
Three sources: digestion and absorption of sugar in food; Decomposition of liver glycogen; Transformation of non-sugar substances such as fat. Three directions: oxidative decomposition; Synthetic glycogen; Into fat and certain amino acids.
2. Why can insulin only be injected but not taken orally?
Reference answer
The chemical essence of insulin is protein, which will be digested and decomposed into amino acids by protease in the digestive tract. Without insulin, insulin can only be injected, not taken orally.
2、
Second, the analysis of test questions
teaching process
(A) the introduction of topics
First of all, ask: our bodies are surrounded by pathogens all the time, but in most cases we don't feel sick. Why? Through this question, students are guided to review the three lines of defense of human body, and humoral immunity is induced by the third line of defense, thus introducing new lessons.
(B) Inquiry learning (systematic explanation-emphasizing the core)
1. Watch flash animation to gain perceptual knowledge.
Ask students: What stages can humoral immunity be divided into? Watch flash animation, and have an overall perception of humoral immunity.
2. The process of learning humoral immunity in stages.
Question: Can you describe the specific process of these three stages? Let the students study independently with this question, and then exchange and cooperate at the same table. After five M5 minutes, the teacher asked the students about the three stages in turn, and the teacher emphasized it.
3. Understand secondary immunization
Ask a question: why do people who have had smallpox or measles generally never get sick again for life? What kind of cells do you think it has to do with? This leads to the explanation of secondary immunity.
Guide students to summarize the relatively complete concept of humoral immunity.
(3) Consolidation and promotion
Homework: Draw the concept map of humoral immunity. First, build concept maps independently, then revise and improve each other in the group, and then select outstanding works for display and evaluation.
(4) Summarize the homework
Guide the students to summarize independently and talk about the gains in today's class. Use a thinking question to pave the way for cellular immunity in the next class. Question: If a pathogen invades a cell, how can we destroy it?
Please describe the whole process of smallpox virus invading human body from the air and being eliminated by antibodies in the first person.
blackboard-writing design
Special analysis of national defense
1. Is humoral immunity and humoral regulation the same thing?
Reference answer
Not the same thing.
Humoral regulation means that some cells in the body can produce and secrete some special chemicals (such as hormones and metabolites). ), transported by body fluids (blood, tissue fluid, etc.). ) and reach the whole body tissue cells or some special tissue cells, and regulate the activities of these cells by acting on the corresponding receptors on the cells.
Humoral immunity is specific immunity in body fluids, and B cells destroy antigens mainly by producing antibodies.
2. What is the teaching goal of this class?
Reference answer
I have set the following three-dimensional teaching objectives:
1. Summarize the process and concept of humoral immunity.
2. Summarize the process of humoral immunity with the help of flash animation, wall charts and textbooks, and improve the ability of analysis, induction and expression; By drawing humoral immune process map, the ability of constructing concept map is improved.
3. Enhance our understanding of ourselves and pay attention to the relationship between humoral immunity and human health.
For more details, please click on the link to view the webpage.