Mathematical model refers to a mathematical structure expressed in a general or approximate way with reference to the characteristics or quantitative dependence of a certain thing system. This mathematical structure is a pure relational structure of a system characterized by mathematical symbols. The generalized mathematical model includes various concepts, formulas and theories in mathematics. Because they are all abstracted from the prototype of the real world, in this sense, the whole mathematics can also be said to be a science about mathematical models. In a narrow sense, mathematical model only refers to the mathematical relationship structure that reflects a specific problem or a specific thing system. In this sense, it can also be understood as a mathematical expression, which describes the relationship between variables in the system.

The content expressed by mathematical model can be quantitative or qualitative, but it must be reflected in a quantitative way. Therefore, the operation mode of mathematical model method is biased towards quantitative form.