The mathematical foundation and language of mathematical morphology is set theory, so it has a complete mathematical foundation, which lays a solid foundation for morphology to be used in image analysis and processing, characteristic analysis of morphological filters and system design. The application of mathematical morphology can simplify the image data, keep the basic shape features of the image and remove irrelevant structures. The algorithm of mathematical morphology has a natural parallel structure, which realizes the parallelism of morphological analysis and processing algorithms and greatly improves the speed of image analysis and processing.