We should mainly pay attention to the following aspects:
1. Pay attention to word teaching, which is the focus of lower grade teaching. We should make full use of students' existing literacy foundation and ability, guide students to correctly read pronunciation, analyze glyphs, and understand the meaning of words in context or real life.
2. Pay attention to the training of reading aloud and emphasize that reading aloud is the most important reading means. In class, we should spend enough time to guide students to read aloud, so as to be correct, fluent, affectionate and even familiar.
3, pay attention to the intuitive image in teaching, because the lower grade texts are illustrated. Primary school students' thinking in images is dominant.
4. The guiding ideology follows the teaching principle of focusing on learning, emphasizing emotional understanding and guiding the abandonment of notes.
The text "Children Count Stars" mainly tells the story of Zhang Heng sitting in the yard and counting stars when he was a child. It is a good textbook to infiltrate students' love of science.
According to my understanding of the textbook and the age characteristics of the students, I think the teaching requirements of this text are:
(1) Learn the word 12, a new word formed by new words.
(2) Understand the content of the text and understand that Zhang Heng is a famous astronomer in ancient times. He loves to observe and is good at observing since he was a child.
(3) Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally. Understanding how Zhang Heng counts stars is the focus of this lesson.
The difficulty in teaching is to understand what grandpa said about astronomy.
Teaching arrangement:
2 class hours.
Let's talk about the teaching design of the first class:
First, introduce questions and stimulate interest
Introduce a new lesson: in the clear night sky, the stars in the sky are particularly beautiful. About 1800 years ago, there was a child as old as us who liked counting stars very much. Do you want to know his story?
Second, the preliminary reading of the text, the overall perception
It is a basic requirement for students to read the text correctly with the help of Pinyin, and to get a preliminary understanding of the content of each natural paragraph, so as to perceive the text as a whole. I designed this link like this:
1. Ask students to read the text freely and read the text accurately and smoothly.
2. Check the pronunciation of new words, focusing on words that are easy to mispronounce, including polyphonic words. 、
3. Mark the natural paragraphs.
4. Read the text paragraph by paragraph by name and think: Who is this child who counts stars?
Third, read the text carefully, feel and understand, and read it as a recitation.
1. Learn the first paragraph.
In this main competition, the stars in the sky are scattered like countless pearls in a jasper plate, and Zhang Heng is sitting in the yard, pointing to the sky and counting the stars. Beautiful sky, lovely children, what a beautiful picture. This is the best focus of students' reading training.
First of all, I ask students to read this paragraph freely. What do you know from this passage? The purpose of setting questions in this way is to let students find problems themselves and cultivate the quality of active inquiry.
Then show a map of the night sky to guide reading: the blue sky is like a jasper plate, and countless stars are like pearls taken off the jasper plate. What a beautiful scenery. Who will read it? Quiet and beautiful pictures and lyrical words arouse students' emotions and students will consciously read.
At this time, although the students' desires are aroused, it is impossible for them to study with great emotions at once, and teachers must further guide them. So I rendered the scene again and read it with music. Bring students to a picturesque realm;
A child is sitting in the yard, leaning against his grandmother, looking up and pointing to the sky to count the stars. One, two, countless stars are like falling pearls in jasper. What a quiet picture. Will the teacher read it to you first? Accompanied by soft music, I picked up the book: "At night, the stars in the sky are like countless pearls, retreating into the jasper plate." A child was sitting in the yard, leaning against his grandmother, looking up at the sky and counting stars, one and two, until he counted hundreds. "Beautiful pictures, lyrical language and soft music suddenly pushed the content of the text to the students' eyes. Caused their * * * sound.
2. Learn the second and third paragraphs.
These two paragraphs are mainly a dialogue between grandma and Xiao, and grandma's kindness and small dedication are beyond words. In teaching, I substitute reading for speaking, and achieve the purpose of in-depth understanding and internalization of language through various forms such as free reading, named reading, evaluation reading and role reading.
First of all, call the students by name to read grandma's words, guide them to read slowly and read the tone of loving their grandchildren. Then ask: What did Xiao Zhangheng say? Read it by yourself, read it several times if you don't understand it, let the students understand the content by reading more books, and then guide the students to read Xiao Zhang Heng's words with emotion by playing a role. Here I designed it like this: Do you understand what Xiao Zhangheng said? I'm going to be a grandmother, so just be a little Rolling and talk to her. How remarkable it is to guide students to understand Xiao Zhangheng's careful and accurate observation and see that the stars are motionless! Read Xiao Zhang Heng's words by yourself, guide the students to read the innocent and positive tone, and finally read by roles. The above teaching links, give full play to children's rich imagination and be good at expressing their own characteristics by creating situations and rendering instructions, deepen the understanding of the text content and internalize the language.
3. Learn the fourth and fifth paragraphs.
The fourth and fifth paragraphs of the text mainly talk about grandpa telling Zhang Heng about the Big Dipper and Polaris, and Xiao Zhang Heng spent the whole night observing the stars. These two paragraphs are difficult for students to understand. I use multimedia abstract language to describe them as intuitive images to solve the difficulties. I designed it like this:
(1) Read the first paragraph freely and think about what Grandpa said.
(2) Read what Grandpa said by name. Through these two steps, let the students know that grandpa is telling Xiao Zhangheng the general knowledge of astronomy.
(3) What astronomical knowledge did Grandpa talk about? Read and mark the sentences about the Big Dipper.
(4) Show multimedia courseware, let students find out which is the Big Dipper and which is the North Star on the starry night sky map, and ask students how to find it, so that students' understanding can be reflected in reading and pictures, and guide students to think, move their eyes and draw. Mobilize a variety of senses and reflect the exquisiteness of language. Solved the difficulty.
(5) Show an exercise like this: Look, the Big Dipper is connected like (), which is called (). Not far from them, there is a star called (), which always revolves around the Big Dipper ().
On this basis, guide students to learn the fifth paragraph. Ask first: Is what Grandpa said true? Where did you see it? Let the students read and find out the word "Sure enough", understand it briefly, and then ask: What does Xiao Zhang Heng think? Ask the students to mark a sentence that Zhang Heng looks at the stars.
Then use courseware to demonstrate: the scene of the Big Dipper slowly rotating around the North Star, and render: this result, but Xiao Zhangheng spent the whole night watching, what a caring child! How to read, through demonstration, rendering and reading, guide students to deeply understand Xiao Zhangheng's spirit of exploring scientific mysteries, and achieve the effect of feeling Zhang Heng's love, loving Zhang Heng's love and integrating humanity.
Fourth, learn the last natural paragraph, broaden understanding and sublimate feelings. Zhang Heng is a famous astronomer in Han Lang. When studying this paragraph, I showed the portrait of Zhang Heng with multimedia, and showed the armillary sphere and seismograph invented by him, and made a brief introduction to arouse students' admiration for Zhang Heng and educate students' love for science.
Five, return to the whole, extracurricular extension
The teacher finally concluded:
Student, Xiao Zhangheng was good at observing and discovering since childhood, and became a famous astronomer when he grew up. Do you still want to know the story of Zhang Heng? Read more books after class, and you will know more. In this way, in-class learning extends to extracurricular activities.