The connection between kindergarten education and primary education
First, the task of kindergarten young convergence
The "Guidelines for Kindergarten Education" clearly points out that "kindergartens and primary schools are connected with each other, and all kinds of educational resources are comprehensively utilized to jointly create good conditions for children's development." Young convergence refers to the educational convergence from kindergarten to the lower grades of primary school. The periodic law of children's physical and mental development determines different educational stages. The law of continuity determines the meaning of cohesion.
Kindergarten should establish two educational goals, short-term goal and long-term goal. The short-term goal is to negotiate the smooth transition of children to primary school. The long-term goal is to lay a good foundation for the healthy growth and all-round quality training of children throughout their lives. The connecting tasks of the recently established kindergarten are: to lay the initial quality foundation for children's lifelong development, to cultivate children's healthy physique, self-care ability, good living habits and study habits, to enlighten and develop children's intelligence by scientific methods, and to cultivate independent innovation consciousness and positive curiosity.
The connection between young children and young children should not only make young children naturally transition to primary schools and adapt to primary school activities, but also provide a good foundation for young children to spend a happy childhood in kindergartens, acquire knowledge and skills and obtain lifelong quality development.
Second, the necessity and importance of youth convergence
1. The nature and content of education are different.
Kindergarten is a non-compulsory educational institution that pays equal attention to protection and education. Children mainly play games, teachers' guidance methods are flexible and diverse, and there is no examination system. Primary education belongs to the compulsory education stage, and the leading activity is the study of cultural knowledge in various subjects according to the national unified plan and outline. The teaching form is mainly classroom teaching with a serious atmosphere. Have certain homework and necessary examination system.
2. Work and rest system is different from life management.
Kindergarten life rhythm is relaxed and free, and there are more games in one day, and life management is not mandatory. The pace of life in primary schools is fast and tense, the work and rest system is very strict, the class time is very long every day, and discipline and code of conduct are mandatory.
3. Different environmental settings
Kindergarten environment is lively, colorful, and there are many activity areas, where there are rich toys and materials for children to play. Children can freely choose games to communicate with their peers. The classroom environment in primary schools is relatively serious, and complete sets of tables and chairs are fixed. Students have relatively few opportunities to choose activities freely.
The relationship between teachers and students is different.
Kindergarten teachers have many opportunities, a long time and a wide range of contact with young children. The relationship between teachers and children is harmonious. Children's sense of security and the need to be loved can be met. The contact between teachers and students in primary schools is limited to the classroom, with little individual contact and small coverage.
5. Different teaching knowledge structures
The learning content of kindergarten is simple knowledge closely related to children's life, such as "wonderful shadows" and "various cars", so as to develop children's ability of observation, comparison and generalization, and to exercise children's ability of observation, imagination, language expression and logical thinking by looking at pictures and talking. The content of primary education is systematic subject knowledge, which is based on symbols and has a high level of universality. This kind of learning content can only be understood and accepted when learners' thinking has certain unity and generalization ability.
All kinds of differences tell us that young convergence is necessary. At the same time, young convergence is also very important. Pupils are the turning point of children's life. How to connect children will directly affect their adaptation after school and their healthy development in the future. Through the results of our 200 questionnaires, it is concluded that children often have the following kinds of bad adaptation performances when they first enter school: expression, physiology and psychology. In terms of social adaptability, students are tired of learning and have intense emotions, which are manifested in physical discomfort, excessive fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, lack of sleep, heavy mental burden, great psychological pressure, lack of self-confidence, decreased interest in learning, tense interpersonal relationship, indifferent relationship between classmates, disharmony in communication, high academic failure rate, attack, serious truancy and fear of teachers. The number ratio is 18. These problems seriously affect the healthy development of children's body and mind, and have a negative impact on their future study and life. Therefore, it is not only necessary but also of great significance to do a good job of connecting young children. It is not only conducive to children's learning and development before and after school, but also lays a good foundation for junior and senior high school students and their lifelong study and life.
Three, the current kindergarten teachers in the main problems and countermeasures.
1. The phenomenon of primary school in kindergartens is serious.
After interviews and investigations, I found that the situation of kindergarten primary school is very serious. For example, one-sided understanding of school preparation is reading and doing math problems, which is used as an index to evaluate kindergarten education. Do your homework and recite the text like a little classmate. Because the teaching content betrays the age characteristics of children, children can't or can't understand it. So that children can't appreciate the fun of learning. This is not only not conducive to the development of children's thinking ability, but also greatly dampened children's interest in learning. This will not only affect children's primary school attendance, but also affect their negative feelings about learning in the future.
2. One-sidedness of youth cohesion
Eating for all is an important part of all-round quality education, which is all-round and can't be biased towards only one aspect. At present, there is a serious tendency to emphasize intelligence in connecting children. In recent years, kindergartens attach great importance to children's intellectual factors. In fact, non-intelligence factors play an increasingly important role in children's individual development. Healthy body, positive learning attitude, strong interest in learning, interpersonal skills, independence and other abilities and qualities are very important for children to adapt to primary school activities smoothly. Kindergarten education sometimes ignores the improvement of children's listening and expressing ability, their learning interest, study habits and learning ability, and their ability to live independently, communicate and accept setbacks. This makes children lack good feelings and good behavior habits, and lack understanding of school rules and classroom routines. In addition, bad study habits such as improper pen holding posture and sitting posture will also affect children's effective study in the future.
3. One-dimensional youth cohesion
Many kindergartens regard the connection between children as an important task, actively make preparations for children before entering the park, and actively move closer to primary schools in terms of teaching requirements, contents, methods and progress. The primary school is indifferent and rarely considers the characteristics of children entering school for the first time, which leads to one-sided convergence and one-way convergence. Young convergence is neither a primary school nor a primary school kindergarten. Two-way preparation is an effective way to solve the problem of young convergence.
4. Surprise of youthful convergence
Cohesion is a protracted war. In a sense, the connection work begins when children enter the park, and the whole period of early childhood education should be the most basic and comprehensive quality preparation for children's primary school and future growth. In large classes, it is very important to make special preparations for children to enter primary schools, such as cultivating children's basic writing skills through games and painting, and getting familiar with Tian Zige. For most kindergartens, it is far from enough to do a good job of connecting children in the first half of the school year and carry out corresponding surprise training for large class children. It is necessary to gradually cultivate children's self-care ability, communication ability, sense of rules, correct posture and good habits when they are just three or four years old. If intensive training is carried out in the last period, children will be eager for success, which will suddenly increase their physical and psychological pressure and make them difficult to adapt. Not only will the educational effect be poor, but children will also be afraid of primary school and future study. Young convergence is a long-term work.