1, contradiction:
Contradictory relationship refers to two opposing situations, and there is no third situation, either one or the other. For example, "just war" and "unjust war" are not just wars but unjust wars.
2. Objection:
Opposition means that there are other situations besides two kinds of opposition, which are not necessarily one or the other. Such as "red" and "white". Either "red" or "white".
Inevitable p and inevitable non-p are a pair of contradictions. Inevitable P and possible non-P are not a pair of contradictions. From this, it can be analyzed that there must be P, or P, or non-P, and the two are not contradictory. P is an inevitable fact in the first part of the proposition, and the latter part of the proposition may not be P, which is not a certain fact.
Xiao Ming must have stolen it, but it must not have been Xiao Ming. This is a contradiction.
If Xiao Ming is a human being, it must have been stolen by Xiao Ming or someone other than Xiao Ming. The article does not indicate whether Xiao Ming is the name of one person, some people or many people. Moreover, the article does not explain that Xiao Ming is human. So it must be Xiao Ming who stole it, and it must not be Xiao Ming. This is a contradiction. But Xiao Ming must have stolen it, and someone else must have stolen it, so it is not a contradiction.
Extended data:
Logic is a branch of philosophy. It is the study of the law of thinking. The development of logic and logic has gone through three stages: concrete logic-abstract logic-symmetrical logic in which concrete logic and abstract logic are unified.
Logic is the study of thinking. All thinking has two aspects: content and form. The content of thinking refers to the object and its attributes reflected by thinking; Thinking form refers to different ways of reflecting objects and their attributes, that is, different ways of expressing thinking content. From a logical point of view, the three basic forms of abstract thinking are concept, proposition and reasoning.
Logic is a science about reasoning and argumentation. Its main task is to provide a standard to distinguish valid reasoning from invalid reasoning, to teach people to reason correctly, and to identify, expose and refute wrong reasoning.
Logic is a science about reasoning or argumentation. It mainly studies the validity or correctness of reasoning. The validity or correctness of reasoning refers to the validity or correctness of reasoning form, so the main research object of logic is reasoning form and its laws.
The main task of logic is to systematically study the forms and laws of correct reasoning, provide judgment methods or inspection procedures for judging whether the reasoning forms are correct or not, and provide deductive rules or methods for effective reasoning. Legal logic is an interdisciplinary subject between logic and law, and it takes legal reasoning as the main research object. It mainly studies the laws, rules and methods of legal reasoning. It is a discipline that is still in the establishment stage and developing rapidly.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Logic