childhood
Gauss is the son of an ordinary couple. His mother is the daughter of a poor stonemason. Clever as she is, she has no education and is almost illiterate. Before becoming Gauss's father's second wife, she was a maid. His father used to be a gardener, a foreman, an assistant to a businessman and an appraiser of a small insurance company.
It has become an anecdote that Gauss was able to correct his father's debt when he was 3 years old. He once said that he learned to calculate on Macon's pile of things. Being able to perform complex calculations in his mind is a gift from God for his life.
When Gauss was 9 years old, he calculated the tasks assigned by primary school teachers in a short time: the sum of natural numbers from 1 to 100. His method is: sum 50 pairs of sequences with the structure of sum 10 1 to (1+ 100, 2+99, 3+98 ...), and get the result: 5050. However, according to a more detailed history of mathematics, Gauss solved not only 1 plus 100, but 81297+81495+...+100899 (tolerance10)
puberty
When Gauss 12 years old, he began to doubt the basic proof in element geometry. When he was 16 years old, it was predicted that a completely different geometry would inevitably be produced outside Euclidean geometry. He derived the general form of binomial theorem and successfully applied it to infinite series, and developed the theory of mathematical analysis.
Gauss's teacher Brutner and his assistant Martin bartels realized Gauss's unusual talent in mathematics very early, and Herzog Karl willem ferdinand von Brunswick also left a deep impression on this gifted child. Therefore, since Gauss 14 years old, they have sponsored his study and life. This also enabled Gauss to study at Carolyn College (the predecessor of Brunswick College today) in 1792- 1795. /kloc-At the age of 0/8, Gauss transferred to the University of G? ttingen. At the age of 19, he was the first to successfully construct a positive 17 angle with a ruler.
grow up
Gauss married Miss johanna Elizabeth Lin Xiawei Osthoff from Brunswick in 1805 (1780- 1809). On August 2nd1806, Yue Se, the first child in his life, was born. Since then, he has had two more children. Wilhelmin (1809- 1840) and Louis (1809- 18 10). 1807, Gauss became a professor at the University of G? ttingen and director of the local observatory.
Although Gauss is a famous mathematician, it doesn't mean that he loves teaching. Nevertheless, more and more of his students became influential mathematicians, such as Richard Dedekind and Riemann, who founded Riemann geometry.
From 65438 to the early 1940s, Gauss almost completely withdrew from the innovative research of physics, only engaged in routine astronomical observation, calculated the problems left over from Hanover geodetic work, and made some modifications to the old research topics, and made comments or reports. Solve some small math problems. Later publications reflected his status. There is no strong reaction to E.E. Cuomo's new idealism (1845), and he is indifferent to the discovery of Neptune (1846). C.g. Jacoby is attending the commemoration of Dr. Gauss's degree. It took several years to put the budget of the University Widowed Foundation on a reliable statistical basis. His interest in teaching is also stronger than before. (We noticed that most of the classes that Gauss taught in the university were about astronomy. Only in his first year as a professor did he talk about number theory once. His most frequent class was least square method and its application in science. ) Gauss in his later years is a miracle of science in the eyes of people outside the academic circle. Gauss himself is extremely keen on collecting all kinds of statistical data from newspapers, books and daily life. 1848 during the revolution, he went to the reading room attached to the literary society established by the old school (Gauss was a member) almost every day to find all kinds of materials. If the newspaper a student is reading is what he is looking for, Gauss will stare at him until the other party hands him the newspaper. Therefore, it was nicknamed "reading room tyrant" by students. It is said that this habit is of great benefit to his investment activities (mainly buying bonds, including bonds issued outside Germany), and his property left behind is almost 200 times his annual salary, which shows that he is an excellent financial manager.
In the last few years of his life, Gauss was still a scholar and never stopped reading and participating in academic activities within his power:
1850, aggravated heart disease, limited mobility.
There was a solar eclipse on July 185 1 day, and Gauss made his last astronomical observation.
185 1 year, Dr. G.F.B Riemann's thesis was approved and received rave reviews.
1852, Foucault pendulum was improved to solve some small mathematical problems.
1853, Riemann was selected as the defense topic (geometric basis) and obtained the qualification of lecturer.
1854+0 In June, a comprehensive physical examination diagnosed that Gauss's heart had enlarged and was about to die, but his condition was miraculously relieved.
1June, 854, listened to Riemann's defense report on geometric foundation and attended the opening ceremony of the railway from G? ttingen to Hanover.
1August, 854, the condition worsened and both lower limbs became edema.
1On the morning of February 3, 855, Gauss died in his sleep.
Senior government and university officials attended Gauss's funeral, and his son-in-law praised Gauss as a rare and unparalleled genius in his eulogy. Among the mourners was 24-year-old J.W.R Dai Dejin, who adopted the Gauss least square method.
Gauss's brain has many deep gyrus, which are collected as anatomical specimens by the University of G? ttingen.
C.F.Gauss's "On Work" was published for 67 years (1863— 1929). With the participation of many famous mathematicians, it was finally completed under the guidance of F klein. The complete works are divided into 12 volumes. The first seven volumes are basically compiled by subject: the third volume, analysis; The fourth volume, probability theory and geometry; The fifth volume, mathematical physics; Volumes six and seven, astronomy. Other volumes are as follows: Volume 8, Addendum to Arithmetic, Analysis, Probability and Astronomy; Volume 9 is the continuation of volume 6, including geodesy; Volume 10 is divided into two parts: I, articles and diaries about arithmetic, algebra, analysis and geometry, II, comments by other authors on Gauss's work in mathematics and mechanics; Volume 1 1 is also divided into two parts: ⅰ, some articles on physics and astronomy, ⅱ, comments by other authors on Gaussian geodesy, physics and astronomy; 12, Miscellaneous Notes and Geomagnetic Map.
stop
Gauss cemetery: Gauss is very religious and conservative. His father died in April of 1808 and 14, and his first wife, johanna, died in June of 1809 and1. On August 4th of the following year, Gauss married his second wife, Frederick Wilhelmin (1788- 183 1). They also have three children: Eugen (181-kloc-0/896), William (18 13- 1883) and Therese (1883). 183 1 12 In September, his second wife also died. 1837, Gauss began to learn Russian. 1839 On April 8th, his mother died in G? ttingen at the age of 95. Gauss died in G? ttingen on the morning of February 23rd, 1985 1. Many of his discoveries scattered in letters or notes to friends were found in 1898.
Gauss's life is extraordinary, and almost every field of mathematics has his footprints. No wonder later generations often use his deeds and aphorisms to spur themselves. /kloc-In the past 0/00 years, many talented young people have grown into outstanding mathematicians under the influence of Gauss and made great contributions to human culture. Gauss's tombstone is unpretentious, and only the word "Gauss" is engraved. In memory of Gauss, his hometown of Brunswick was renamed Gauss Castle. A memorial statue was erected at the University of G? ttingen, with a positive 17 prism as the base. There is such a poem on the portrait of Gauss hanging in Munich Museum: His thoughts went deep into the mysteries of mathematics, space and nature, he measured the path of stars, the shape of the earth and natural forces, and he promoted the progress of mathematics until the next century.