1. The purpose of heuristic exploration method is to inspire children to explore and acquire new knowledge by relying on their already mastered mathematical knowledge and experience. This is an important way for children to learn mathematics under the guidance of teachers, which can stimulate their enthusiasm for learning to the maximum extent and fully mobilize their initiative in learning. Attention must be paid to the application of heuristic exploration methods;

(1) Heuristic exploration should run through the whole process of mathematics teaching and the learning process of children's active thinking and exploration under the guidance of teachers.

(2) Heuristic exploration method should be combined with operation method.

(3) Teachers' questions should play a role in guiding children's thinking and exploring directions.

(4) Teachers inspire, encourage children to think independently, and fully mobilize children's learning enthusiasm.

(5) When children encounter difficulties in the learning process, teachers should enlighten, encourage and help them in time.

2. The purpose of the game method is to stimulate children's interest in learning mathematics through games. Game is a very important way and method for children to learn mathematics, and it is also an effective means for children to acquire mathematical knowledge and develop their thinking. The main game methods are

(1) Games with plots, such as watching movies, are seated according to the ticket number.

(2) Games with the senses, such as listening to drums and counting.

(3) oral games such as counting songs

(4) Competition games, such as countdown games.

3. induction and deduction induction is a method of summarizing simple essential characteristics and laws with the help of existing knowledge and obtaining new mathematical knowledge. Deduction is a method of reasoning with conventional knowledge to obtain new mathematical knowledge.

Through these two methods, children can acquire preliminary reasoning ability and use it to learn new mathematics knowledge.

For example, after knowing the triangle, the child knows that all three sides of the triangle are triangular figures; After studying the arrangement rules of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, we can infer the arrangement form of 6- 10. Other methods (appreciation, observation, conversation, induction, deduction, situational method)

4. The purpose of comparison method is to find out the similarities and differences by comparing two or more groups of objects. According to the form of comparison, it can be divided into corresponding comparison (such as overlapping comparison, etc. ) and non-correspondence comparison (such as single and double row non-correspondence, etc.). ).

Attention must be paid to the application of comparative method;

(1) Guide children to observe and compare carefully in the process of comparison.

(2) Teachers should ask enlightening questions (questions should focus on key requirements) to guide children to compare.

(3) In the process of observation, we should guide children to think positively, try to find out and learn to summarize.

5. The operation method of children's thinking is concrete, and they think with the help of the images of things in their minds. Simply teaching and explaining to children can not achieve good teaching results, and it is not conducive to the development of children's thinking ability.

How to optimize mathematics education activities, promote children to learn more effectively and actively, and enhance their self-confidence?

In practice, I found that arithmetic is the basic method for children to learn mathematics. Because the psychological process in early childhood has obvious characteristics of concretization and randomness, some novel, plot-based, changing and hands-on activities can attract their attention and interest.

Children can fully mobilize their initiative and interest in learning by operating specific materials (mostly common natural objects, toys, etc.) through operating activities. ), and every child has enough materials to give them the opportunity to operate independently and carry out learning activities.

In the application of operation methods, we must pay attention to:

(1) Create necessary conditions for children's operation activities.

(2) Before the child starts the operation, the purpose and specific operation methods of the operation should be clearly stated.

(3) Give children enough time to operate, observe, think and explore.

(4) During the operation, observe the child's operation and guide the child to think by asking questions.

(5) The discussion results help children organize and summarize on the basis of perceptual knowledge, clarify concepts and turn them into internal thinking activities.

6. explanation and demonstration the purpose of explanation and demonstration is to present abstract knowledge such as number, quantity and shape through the display and oral explanation of teachers' intuitive teaching AIDS.

Attention should be paid to the application of explanation and demonstration methods:

(1) The demonstration teaching AIDS should be intuitive and easy for children to understand and accept.

(2) Teachers should explain the language concisely, vividly and easily.