This article is probably a judgment after inference, because it belongs to an attribute if it is tested from the propositional logic of a single sentence.

The proposition [14] is an inevitable proposition [15] As far as the relationship between layers is concerned, although the usage of the old saying is mostly time-saving, it is expressed.

In fact, it seems that the phenomenon of "ambiguity fallacy" has appeared [16]. Therefore, if it is regarded as a conditional judgment, it seems to be more self-explanatory through an argument similar to the theory of "white horse is not a horse". However, in terms of conditions,

As a universal axiom, it belongs to the category of paradox [17].

This article, Xunyanzi Pian, is quoted as "the mountains are deep and flat, compared with heaven and earth", so it is based on Zhuangzi's On Wuqi.

For example, it is "flat with Taoist temple, mountains and rivers, consistent with heaven and earth", but Hui Shi never mentioned "Tao"

",and how to define" Tao "? And this statement can only be regarded as a "conditional proposition" because it

Another possible "conditional proposition" is "if you don't follow the Taoist view, the mountains and rivers will be uneven and the world will be inconsistent."

The classic interpretation says that "the earth is not as good as the sky, and if the universe is high, the heaven and the earth are not as good".

Sentence is still a conditional proposition, and its comparison is based on the fact that heaven and earth are finite, while the universe is infinite and everything is finite.

Everything is "insignificant" compared with "infinity", and "infinity" is expressed by mathematics.

In contrast, the ratio of every finite thing is very small (close to zero). But there are

An interesting question, that is why it must be compared with the "infinite" universe? This comparison method,

Isn't it just a kind of "collateral meeting" for no reason? Is it not a subjective "excuse"? Why not follow "

"Infinitely small" compared with "elementary"? If compared with "Primary One", wouldn't the result be different from "irrelevant"?

Is there a big gap?

In Hui Shi's Ten Things, there is the idea of clearing the name. He put forward that "the world is low and the mountains and rivers are flat" because the height of tomorrow is relative to the height of the earth, and the height of the mountains and rivers is also relative. In fact, some mountains are as high as the plains. Hui Shi's proposition that "the Japanese side is arrogant, and Mr. Wu then dies" reflects the movement of the sun from China to the west and the transformation of things from birth to death; His proposition that "everything has similarities and differences" embodies the similarities and differences of everything, that is, the dialectical relationship between similarities and differences. Some propositions take the form of approximate definition, such as defining "similarity" as "all things are similar but different"; Define "minor differences" as "similar"; Use "non-integral without thickness" to define geometric figures, and so on.

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Hui Shi's Theory of Relativity

Hui Shi (350 BC-260 BC) was born in Song State (now Henan Province). We know that he

He used to be a portrait of Wei Huiwang and was famous for his profound knowledge. Unfortunately, his works have been lost, and The World in Zhuangzi is guaranteed.

Hui Shi's "Ten Things" exist, and our understanding of Hui Shi Thought only comes from the "Ten Things".

The first thing is: "The biggest is just a freshman; The smallest is nothing, it is called small. " These two sentences are true.

In the so-called "analytical proposition", they are not sure about reality because they are not sure about what is in the real world.

What is the biggest and what is the smallest, nothing is certain. They only involve an abstract concept, that is, the name "maximum"

, "the smallest". In order to fully understand these two propositions, it is necessary to compare them with an article in Zhuangzi Qiushui.

Story comparison. From this comparison, it is obvious that Hui Shi and Zhuangzi have a lot in common in one respect.

According to this story, when autumn comes, all rivers are full of rivers, and the rivers are very big. Hebo (the river god) gloated and went down the river.

As for Beihai, he met Beihai Ruo (Poseidon) there and realized for the first time that despite his rivers.

However, it is very big, but compared with the sea, it is too small. He talked with Beihai Ruo with great admiration and envy, but

If Beihai tells him that Beihai itself is between heaven and earth, it is really just a grain of rice in Taicang, so it can only be

Call him "small", not "big". Speaking of which, Hebo asked Beihai if, "However, the world is big.

And a small detail can be seen as "if Beihai says: No ... count what people know, not what they don't know; When it was born,

If you don't want to be so small before you were born, you can be as poor as you want, then you are confused and can't be complacent.

Why do you know that the details are fine enough, and why do you know that the world is poor? "Then he made up his mind.

Righteousness means that the smallest is "invisible" and the biggest is "airtight". The definitions of maximum and minimum are very similar to those given by Huishi.

For example.

To say that heaven and earth are the biggest things and the smallest things are the smallest things is to affirm "reality".

There is nothing to analyze about "name". These two sentences are both so-called "comprehensive propositions" and can be false propositions. they

Everything has its empirical basis; Therefore, their truth can only be probable, not inevitable. From the experience,

Big things and small things are relatively big and relatively small. Then quote Zhuangzi; "So big and big.

Then everything is not big; Because it is small, everything is small. "(ditto)

We can't decide what is the biggest and what is the smallest practical thing through practical experience. but

We can be independent of experience, that is, leave experience and say that there is nothing outside experience, which is the greatest ("to")

There is nothing outside "); There is nothing in it, only the smallest ("to the smallest"), "to the largest" and "to"

Small. " If you define it this way, it will be an absolute and unchangeable concept. If you analyze "freshman" and "junior" like this.

With these names, Hui Shi got the concept of what is absolute and unchangeable. From the viewpoint of this concept, he

Looking at the essence of actual concrete things, the differences are relative and changeable.

Once we understand Hui Shi's position, we can see ten things about Hui Shi mentioned in Zhuangzi.

Although it has always been regarded as a paradox, it is not a paradox at all. Except for the first thing, they are all examples.

The relativity of things can be called relativity. Let's analyze the specific situation. "Nothing is thick and insoluble."

Also, its mileage. "That is to say, big and small is big and small, just relatively speaking. Something without thickness, nothing

It may become something thick. In this sense, it can be called small. But the ideal "face" in geometry.

Although not thick, it can be long and wide at the same time. In this sense, it can be called big. "heaven and earth are humble,

Mountain and Zeping ". In other words, there are high and low, just relative. "Japanese and China people are very arrogant, birds of a feather flock together, and birds of a feather flock together.

"... that is to say, in the real world, everything is changeable and changeable. Similarities and differences;

This is called small similarities and differences. This is called "similarity". We say that all people are animals. At this time,

We will realize that everyone is human, so everyone is the same; They are all animals, so are people.

Same. However, they are as great as human beings as they are as animals. Because being human means moving.

Things, but animals don't necessarily refer to people, and there are all kinds of other animals, which are different from people. So Hui Shi.

The so-called "small similarities and differences" is precisely this kind of similarities and differences. However, if we take "everything" as a universal class,

From this, we realize that everything is the same, because they are "everything" However, if we take everything as one.

Individuals, from which we realize that each individual has his own personality, so he is different from others. This harmony

Difference is exactly what Hui Shi called "similarity". In this way, because we can say that everything is the same with each other, so can we.

In this way, everything is different, that is, their similarities and differences are relative.