I. Analysis of Frequently Asked Questions (I) Theme of the topic The theme of the topic is quite difficult in reading comprehension questions. The theme is the main content that the author wants to express in the article, and it is the core of the full text. The author tries to clarify the central theme through various details in the article. Therefore, it is of great significance to grasp the main idea for a correct understanding of the full text. To understand the central idea, we should browse the full text in a fast reading way, and pay attention to the sentences expressing the central idea when reading. The position of the central sentence varies from article to article, but in general, we should pay special attention to the beginning and end of the article and the beginning and end of each paragraph, because they often contain the central topic of the article. What's the gist of this passage in the ninth series of "Examination Research"? What is this article mainly about? The theme of this article is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _, and the main point of the article is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Which of the following is the best title of this article? The title that best expresses the theme of the article is _ _ _ _ _ What is the author's purpose in writing this article _ _ _ _ Which of the following best describes the whole article? The theme of an article can often be reflected by the way it is written, as follows: 1. The topic sentence is at the beginning of the sentence. The topic sentence appears at the beginning of the article, puts forward the theme directly, and then explains and supports the theme idea expressed by the topic sentence with details. This is the most common deductive writing method in English. 2。 The topic sentence is at the end of the paragraph. Topic sentences appear at the end of the article because the author adopts the method of putting facts first and then drawing conclusions. This kind of paragraph is called inductive paragraph. This is the most common inductive writing method in English. 3. The topic sentence echoes from beginning to end. In order to highlight the theme, the author first puts forward the theme, and then points out the theme again at the end. This kind of writing that echoes from beginning to end is also common. Usually, the sentences that express the theme before and after are not simple repetitions, and the later expressions often have the meaning of further extension or development. 4。 The topic sentence is in the middle of the paragraph. Topic sentences appear in the middle of the article, usually only asking questions in front, deducing the theme of the article from the details or logical extension behind, and then further explaining, explaining or expanding. 5。 The topic sentence is implied in the meaning of the paragraph. There is no clear topic sentence in the full text. Its central idea is contained in every sentence. In this case, the reader should synthesize all the known details, make logical reasoning and summarize the topic sentences. Typical example 1 The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take. Cooling down puts the greatest pressure on your summer energy bill and power grid. Just as adjusting your car can improve your gas mileage, adjusting your heating and cooling system every year can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace the filter every month or as needed. ..... If you have more than one car, drive as fuel-efficient as possible. If you drive 12500 miles a year and change 10% of the journey from a car that can run 20 miles per gallon to a car that can run 30 miles per gallon, you will save more than 65 pounds a year. Carpool An average American commuter (commuter) can save about 260 pounds by sharing a car with two people twice a week, and a car can save 20. 1 pound per gallon-assuming that three passengers share the cost of gasoline. (Anhui Volume 2008) This passage is mainly about _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _. Analysis A. Energy saving tips B. Fuel saving tips C. Do-it-yourself tips D. Environmental protection tips This article mainly introduces how to save energy. This article is a popular science article with obvious theme. At the beginning of the article, the theme was pointed out, and then the whole article talked about how to save energy, and fuel saving was only a part of it. So choose A. Skimming should be used to browse the full text and find topics with themes. Pay special attention to the beginning and end of the article and the beginning and end of the paragraph when reading, because they often contain the central topic of the article. The purpose is to attract readers' attention and arouse their interest in reading articles. Therefore, in the process of topic selection, under the condition of generality and pertinence, we should also consider the eye-catching nature of the topic. (2) Inference and judgment. Inference and judgment refers to the process of making certain judgments and inferences on the basis of understanding the literal meaning of the original text, by analyzing the logical relationship of the text and suggesting the details, so as to get the deep meaning and implied meaning of the article. Inference and judgment questions are difficult questions in reading, which usually account for 15%-30% of the total number of questions. This paper mainly examines the ability of candidates to clarify the logical relationship of context and the recognition ability of candidates. The content of the reasoning and judgment question may be a sentence in the article or a few sentences. Candidates are required to analyze, mine and logically reason the literal information of the article on the basis of following the original intention to reveal its deep meaning. Common reasoning problems include logical reasoning and knowledge reasoning. The words that often appear in this kind of examination questions are: inferior, hint, hint, instruction, summary, reference, probably, most likely, can, possibly, possibly, and so on. Common propositional ways: from the first paragraph, we can be infected, and from the article, we can invade _ _ _ _ _ _ What? We can infer from the text that ...? What can we learn from …? From the article, we can draw a conclusion that the last sentence of the first paragraph is likely to imply that the author implies that the author's attitude towards … is _ _ _ _ _? Reasoning and judging questions should grasp the true connotation of the article on the basis of reading and understanding the full text. (1) It is the premise and foundation of reasoning to thoroughly understand the literal meaning of the article and capture useful hints and clues between the lines; (2) The surface information of characters should be excavated and processed, from the surface to the inside, from the shallow to the deep, from the concrete to the abstract, from the special to the general, through analysis, synthesis and judgment. , deep processing and logical reasoning. You can't talk about things, take them out of context, and generalize; (3) Loyal to the original text, not subjective, not replacing the author's point of view with his own; (4) Grasp the logical relationship between sentences and paragraphs and understand the structure of the text. It is necessary to understand the tone of the article, try to figure out the author's attitude, find the direction of logical development, and understand the author's implication. Michael Fisher's position as a weatherman may soon be replaced by a real fisherman-shark. A study by a British biology student shows that sharks can be used to predict storms. Lauren smith, 24, is about to complete a study on shark's ability to sense stress. If her research proves this theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of sharks to predict bad weather. It has been found that sharks use hair cells in their balance system to feel stress. In Bimini Shark Laboratory in Bahamas, Miss Smith installed high-tech sensors on sharks to record pressure and temperature, and also used GPS (Global Positioning System) technology to track them. In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tides and temperature changes on pike-none of them were cured. She also used a special laboratory to simulate changes in ocean pressure caused by weather fronts. She will finish her studies and graduate later this year. She said that she would look for a job that would give her a chance to enrich her experience in shark research. (Tianjin Volume 2008) 44. This article is most likely taken from _ _ _ _. A. A collection of short stories B. A popular science magazine C. A research paper D. A personal diary 45. What have we learned from the first four paragraphs of the article? Sharks may be used to predict bad weather. The behavior of sharks can be controlled. Michael Fish is not up to his job. Lauren smith will be a weatherman. Mary should leave at two o'clock. This article is a popular science article, which introduces a British biology student's research on sharks to predict storms. 44.b reasoning and judgment questions. Exclusion is suitable for this problem. Judging from the content of the article, this is a popular science article, and A and D can be deleted. Judging from the language of the article, a large number of technical terms did not appear, C "a research paper" 45. Inference and judgment questions can be deleted. According to the first and fourth paragraphs, the first four paragraphs mean that if her research proves this theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behavior of sharks to predict bad weather. Scientists can predict bad weather by monitoring the behavior of sharks. Therefore, item A is correct. Detail inference questions require students to infer specific details according to the text relationship, such as time, place, character relationship, character identity, events and so on. Generally speaking, we can infer and judge according to the information provided in the passage or with the help of common sense of life. To solve such problems, we need not only some basic social knowledge, but also a full understanding of details and related background knowledge. Jack hasn't seen the old man for some time. The university, the airline, and its own life. In fact, in pursuit of his dream, Jack traveled all over the country. There, in his busy life, Jack has little time to think about the past and spend time with his wife and son. He is striving for his future, and nothing can stop him. On the phone, his mother told him, "Mr Belser passed away last night. The funeral will be held on Wednesday. "As he sat quietly recalling his childhood, memories flashed in his mind like old newsreels. ... he found these words engraved inside: "Jack. Thank you for your precious time! Harold Belser, ""Oh. Oh, my God! This is the most precious thing for him ... "Jack looked at his watch for a few minutes, then called his assistant and canceled the appointment for the next two days. "Why?" His assistant asked. "I need some time to spend with my son," he said. (2008 Jiangsu Volume) 69. Why did Jack say that he needed some time with his son? He is very tired of his work and wants to have a good rest. He promised to spend more time with his son. C. He has been missing his son and family for several days. D. He began to realize the importance of spending time with his family. The analysis of this paper belongs to narrative, which leads to a social theme that can not be ignored from the death of neighbors: friendship and affection are the most important. 69. Reasoning and judgment. It can be seen from the article that Belser's last sentence touched Jack greatly, and at the same time, he began to realize that only relatives and friends are the most important things in life. Causal inference requires candidates to infer the possible causes of the results according to the known results, and candidates should accurately grasp the connotation of the article and understand its true meaning. When answering the questions of reasoning and judgment, candidates must bear in mind that the options that can be found directly from the text are incorrect, because the same sentences as the original text are not called reasoning. Only those that do not appear directly in the text, but can be inferred from the information in the text, are the correct options that meet the meaning of the question. Second, the problem solving method 1. Read the stem first, and read the article with questions. That is, read the test questions first, and then read the article. To read the stem, we must first master the question type and distinguish whether it is an objective information question or a subjective judgment question. Objective information questions can be found directly from the article; Subjective judgment questions examine the emotional tone of the article, the author's unspoken views and the understanding of the central theme that runs through the whole article. This kind of question must go through the attitude and intention of the author and the deep reasoning of the whole article. Secondly, we should know the stem of the test questions and the information contained in each option, then scan the article in a targeted way to quickly locate the relevant information, and then integrate, identify, analyze and compare the relevant information, so as to eliminate interference items and choose the correct answer. This method strengthens the pertinence of reading, improves the accuracy of doing problems and saves valuable time. Especially suitable for the understanding of graphics and tables. 2. Read the full text quickly to understand the main idea of the topic. The purpose of reading is to obtain information. A person's reading ability determines whether he can absorb useful information quickly and efficiently. Reading ability generally refers to reading speed and understanding ability. Reading speed is the most basic ability of reading. Without a certain reading speed, it is impossible to input information smoothly, let alone use English. In recent years, the reading speed of college entrance examination is about 40 words per minute. Candidates must use skimming, scanning, skipping and other skills to read quickly in a very limited time, search for keywords and topic sentences, capture time and space, order, plot, characters and opinions, sort out the context of the article and grasp the essence of the text. Grasping the topic sentence is the main way to grasp the main idea of the article quickly. Topic sentences generally appear at the beginning and end of an article. In an article written by induction, the sentences expressing details come first, and the summarized sentences come last. At this point, the topic sentence is the last sentence of the article. Articles usually written by deductive method mostly follow the writing procedure from general to individual, that is, there is an overview first and then a detailed explanation. At this time, the topic sentence is the first sentence of the article. Of course, there are also some articles that have no topic sentences and need to be summarized by readers themselves. Topic sentences often play the role of prompting, enlightening, summarizing and summarizing the full text. Themes, generalizations and central ideas can often be found directly from topic sentences. 3。 Read the details carefully and straighten out the train of thought and the context of the article. An article is by no means a bunch of unrelated sentences. The author is a text with pulse. For example, the narrative takes the characters as the center, takes time or space as the clue, and unfolds the story according to the occurrence, development and ending of the event; The discussion type includes three elements: argument, argument and conclusion, and expounds the point of view through explanation and examples. According to the characteristics of the article, we can read the details carefully, find out the keywords with verbs, time, place, events and cause and effect as clues, and draw a complete and clear cognitive map of the theme and details of the article by using the "drawing list method". 4. Logical reasoning and deep understanding. More exciting things are in the ninth series of "Examination Research", "Necessary to Grab Points before Exam". In actual reading, sometimes the author does not express his intention. Readers should study the hints of details according to the literal meaning and the logical relationship of the text, scrutinize the author's attitude and understand the meaning of the article. This is what is usually called deep understanding. In-depth understanding mainly includes induction and generalization questions (central idea, adding titles, etc. ) and reasoning questions, which are difficult in reading comprehension. Deep understanding is a creative thinking activity. It must be faithful to the original; Based on the facts and clues provided by the article, we can infer the unknown based on the known, and we can't imagine it out of thin air and guess at will; It requires readers to analyze, mine and logically reason the surface information of the text, and can only generalize. Only by thoroughly understanding the literal meaning of the article can reasoning have the premise and foundation.