2. Pythagoras (about 580~500 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, musician and educator. He was born on an island in Greece. People marveled at his wisdom and once thought that he was the son of Apollo, the sun god. In fact, his wisdom comes from his talent on the one hand, and his acquired experience and his own efforts on the other.
3. democritus (about 460 ~ 370 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and one of the founders of atomic materialism. He was born in Abdullah of Thrace and has traveled all over the world. He wrote many works in his life, among which the famous ones are Small Universe Order, On Nature, On Human Nature and so on, and only some fragments remain. His works involve philosophy, logic, mathematics, astronomy, physics, biology, psychology and social life. While inheriting leucippus's philosophy, he put forward his own atomic materialism.
Heraclitus (about 540-470 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher. Born into a noble family in Efez, Ionia. Author of On Nature, 130. Heraclitus inherited the tradition of Miletus school and believed that fire was the source of all things. Everything comes from fire and returns to fire, and this kind of activity has certain "limits", that is, it follows certain laws. Lenin's evaluation of this thought "is a wonderful interpretation of the principle of dialectical materialism". Heraclitus also put forward the concept of change that everything flows and everything is immortal, emphasizing the absoluteness and eternity of the development and change of things. His greatest contribution to dialectics is that he put forward the idea of interdependence, struggle and transformation between contradictory parties, that is, the idea of unity of opposites. He emphasized the contradictory struggle and thought that the struggle was universal and absolute. Heraclitus also suggested that everything follows the idea of logos, that is, everything follows the law. He believes that logos is owned by everyone, and it is not only the law of the objective world, but also dominates people's subjective world. So wisdom lies in controlling logos, that is, understanding and grasping the laws of things. Heraclitus' thought has far-reaching influence in the history of philosophy. It is the source of all dialectical thoughts in later generations.
5. Plato ((Greek: ∏ λ? τ ν, p 1ato (427-347 BC) was born in an aristocratic family in Athens and received a good education since childhood. At the age of 20, he studied philosophy with Socrates. After Socrates' death, Plato left Athens to travel abroad. 12 years later, he returned to Athens and founded Agal Demi Academy, where he gave lectures until his death. "Plato is the only writer with rich works in the classical era, and his works seem complete and complete." Among the 36 dialogues he left for later generations, The Republic and The Law epitomize his educational theory, and he conceived a huge educational system around the educational problem of cultivating the "king of philosophy".
6. Aristotle (384- 322 BC) was a famous philosopher and educator in ancient Greece. It is pointed out that he wavered between idealism and materialism and moved closer to materialism on some issues. He confirmed that the essence of things lies in things themselves. "Without individuals, there is no universal thing". It is said that the human body has two parts: body and soul, which are as inseparable as matter and form. He divided the soul into three parts: the plant part (body physiology); The animal part is the relationship between low level and high level, and the relationship between matter and form. Education is the advanced part of developing the soul-the rational part. Three kinds of education that conform to the three parts of the soul: physical education, for the sake of body and physiology; Moral education, for the soul of animals (that is, the soul of will); Intellectual education, for the rational soul. He believes that body, morality, intelligence, things and form are inseparable and interrelated. Aristotle was the first to demonstrate the idea of harmonious development of education.
7. Thales was an ancient Greek thinker, scientist and philosopher, and the founder of Miletus School (also known as Ionian School), the earliest philosophical school in Greece. One of the seven sages of Greece, the first thinker with a name in the history of western thought. "Father of science and philosophy", Thales was the first natural scientist and philosopher in ancient Greece and the West. Thales' students include anaximander and Anaximenis.
8. Simines, Anacker. Anaximenes (588 BC or 585 ~ 526 BC or 525 BC) was a Miletus student in anaximander. Leip Schacks was born in Central Asia. Philosopher of Miletus School in ancient Greece. He inherited the materialism thought of predecessors about the origin of the world, and also advocated that the origin of the world was unique and infinite, but he did not agree to describe it as infinite. He believes that everything originates from Qi, which is infinite and eternal. Anaximenes put forward that there are two opposing movements of qi, namely dispersion and condensation, which are related to the various properties of things and the change of qi quantity, which is a progress in the history of cognition. According to records, he regarded the soul as qi, which reflected his simple materialism.
9. Mason (7th century BC-6th century BC), it is said that Mason is a leisurely and wise man. He doesn't want to be an official, let alone make money. He is willing to be a farmer in Nicole's countryside. He found the joy of life in the mountains, rivers, birds, animals, insects and fish, and lived for 98 years. Anecdotes about him have been widely circulated, and Plato listed him as one of the seven sages of Greece when compiling The Wise Man.
10. Epicurus (former 34 1- former 270) based his ethics of existence on such a simple teaching: "Happiness is the beginning and end of a sacred life." This is not to say that he is a man who pursues sensual enjoyment, or a prodigal son. He is a fragile and chronically ill person. He only seeks and advocates calm and moderate happiness, and opposes such extreme happiness in lectures, such as overeating, cheering in public places, playing politics and having sex. Regarding the last item, he said: "No one is superior to others because he is addicted to sexual intercourse. He can do it not too badly. " However, he does have a mistress, because he thinks that if a person does not fall in love, sexual happiness is relatively harmless. Ethics is Epicurus' main interest, and he pays little attention to psychology. He only talks about democritus's academic sophistry, because it conforms to his pragmatism and secular philosophy. However, if he pursues the psychological significance of his theory, he may become a great figure in psychological stories.