Central processing unit in English. As the operation and control core of computer system, it is the final execution unit of information processing and program running. Central processing unit is mainly composed of two parts, namely, controller and arithmetic unit, and also includes cache memory and data and control bus to realize the connection between them. The three core components of an electronic computer are the central processing unit, memory and input/output devices.

Since its birth, CPU has developed rapidly, from being dedicated to mathematical computing at first to being widely used in general computing, from 4-bit to 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit processor, and finally to 64-bit processor, from the incompatibility of various manufacturers to the emergence of different instruction set architecture specifications.

Introduction of CPU structure

The structure of CPU can be roughly divided into arithmetic logic unit, register unit and control unit. The so-called arithmetic logic unit can mainly perform related logic operations, such as shift operation, logic operation, fixed-point or floating-point arithmetic operation, address operation, conversion command and so on. This is a multifunctional arithmetic unit.

The register part is used to temporarily store instructions, data and addresses. The control part is mainly used to analyze instructions and send out corresponding control signals. Controller and arithmetic unit are the core components of the central processing unit, which play an important role in improving the overall function of the computer, and can realize the expansion of various functions such as register control, logical operation, signal transmission and reception, and lay a good foundation for improving the performance of the computer.