Narrow sense: mathematical thoughts, spirits, methods, viewpoints and languages, as well as their formation and development.

Broad sense: In addition to the above connotations, it also includes mathematicians, mathematical history, mathematical beauty and mathematical education. Humanistic elements in the development of mathematics, the relationship between mathematics and society, the relationship between mathematics and various cultures, and so on.

2. Value

In the upcoming high school mathematics curriculum standards, mathematics culture is a separate section, which has received special attention. Many teachers will ask why they do this. An important reason is that there is an isolationist tendency in mathematics at the beginning of the 20th century, which has been affecting China today. The over-formalization of mathematics makes people mistakenly think that mathematics is just a "free creation" imagined by a few geniuses. The development of mathematics does not need the promotion of society, and its truth does not need the test of practice. Of course, the progress of mathematics does not need the edification of human culture. As a result, the "revival of empiricism" appeared in the western mathematics field. White's mathematical culture theory tries to return mathematics to the cultural level. Klein's Ancient and Modern Mathematical Thoughts, Mathematics in Western Culture and Mathematics: The Loss of Determinism were published one after another, trying to create a humanistic mathematical culture.