I. Fill in the blanks:
1, the magnifying glass is (convex lens), and the convex lens has the function of (magnifying the image of the object). You can see more details by observing the object with a magnifying glass. (memory)
2. Magnifier can enlarge the image of an object, showing the subtleties that people can't see clearly with naked eyes, so that we can get more information. And widely used in many aspects of people's life and production. (understand)
3. The characteristics of magnifying glass lens are (transparent, thick in the middle and thin in the edge). (memory)
4. The correct use of magnifying glass is (moving magnifying glass) and (moving observation object).
The earliest convex lens used by human beings is made of (transparent crystal). /kloc-In the 3rd century, an English bishop (Grotester) first proposed the application of magnifying devices, and his students (Bacon) designed and manufactured glasses that could improve their eyesight according to his suggestion. (understand)
6. When a fly lands on a solid and smooth glass, it will not slide down, but will crawl on it, which is related to its (foot structure). (understand)
7. Insects have a keen sense of smell, which is said to be due to their antennae. (understand)
8. Cricket's "ears" are inside (feet). (understand)
9. The wings of butterflies are covered with small colored scales, which are actually (flat fine hairs). (understand)
10, salt, sugar, alkaline noodles and monosodium glutamate particles are solids with regular geometric shapes, which are called crystals. (memory)
1 1. Many rocks are made of mineral crystals. For example, granite is composed of mineral crystals such as feldspar, mica and quartz. (memory)
12. Most solid substances in nature are (crystals) or consist of (crystals). Crystal shapes (various), but they are all regular. Some crystals are larger and visible to the naked eye, while others are smaller and can only be seen under a magnifying glass or microscope. (memory)
13, biologists (Levin Hook) made the world's earliest microscope with metal structure, which can be magnified nearly 300 times. In order to see smaller objects, people developed (electron microscope) and (scanning tunneling microscope). An electron microscope can magnify an object 2 million times. (memory)
14, a British scientist (robert hooke) was the first to see (cells) with a self-made compound microscope. (memory)
15, the microscope is mainly composed of (eyepiece) (adjusting knob) (objective lens) (stage) (mirror) and so on. (memory)
16, a large number of research facts show that life is made up of (cells). (memory)
The establishment of "17" and "cell theory" is considered as one of the three major discoveries of natural science in the19th century. (memory)
18. Living cells have the functions of (digestion), (respiration), (excretion), (growth), (development), (reproduction) and (heredity). (understand)
19, we can also use (hay) to cultivate microorganisms. (memory)
20. The microorganisms we know are (paramecium) (amoeba) (euglena) (trumpet worm) (fuciformis) (diatom boat) and so on. (understand)
2 1. Chloroplast is the basic place for photosynthesis of plants. (understand)
22. (Pasteur) was the first to point out the relationship between microorganisms and human health. (memory)
Through observation, we know that the screen of TV is actually composed of three colors (red), (blue) and (green). (memory)
24. Aphids like to suck (juice) from twigs. Aphids are the size of needles, and their natural enemies are Chrysopa. (understand)
Second, the observation tool development flow chart: (memory)
Naked eye magnifying glass optical microscope electron microscope scanning tunneling microscope
3. What method can you use to measure the magnification of a magnifying glass? (understand)
Answer: Method 1: Put a magnifying glass on the paper to be inspected and count the number of squares in the range (a); Then it rises until the grid is enlarged to the maximum and clearest, and the number of grids within the statistical range (b); A divided by b is the magnification.
Method 2: Measure the side length (a) of the square with a ruler; Then lift it until the grid is enlarged to the maximum and clearest, put the ruler on the table and measure the side length of the enlarged grid (b); B divided by a is the magnification.
First, fill in the blanks:
1, the world is made up of (matter), and all matter is in constant motion. Everything that actually exists that we can directly or indirectly observe is (matter). (memory)
We can change the iron wire by (folding), (pulling) and (hammering). (understand)
3. Things change quickly and slowly. Some changes only change the state, shape and size of matter, but do not produce new matter different from the original. We call such changes (physical changes), and some changes produce (new substances). We call the change of new substances chemical changes. (memory)
4. Take a spoonful of white sugar from a metal spoon and put it on the candle flame to heat it slowly, and the white sugar will (melt) and (carbonize). (memory)
We can separate the mixture of sand and beans with a sieve. The mixing of sand and beans is a physical change. (memory)
6. Some substances will not produce new substances after mixing, such as (sugar) and (water); Some substances will produce new substances after mixing, such as (baking soda) and (white vinegar) (memory)
7. Rice becomes (sweet) during chewing because there is something called (starch) in rice, which has changed during chewing. (memory)
8. Starch turns blue when it meets iodine, producing a new blue substance. (memory)
9, baking soda and vinegar mixed to produce a large number of bubbles, generate new gas, this gas can make the burning wood out, indicating that this gas (does not support combustion). (memory)
10, the changes in the world around us are generally divided into two categories, namely, (physical changes) and (chemical changes). There are many phenomena related to chemical changes, and the most important feature is (producing new substances). (memory)
1 1. The process of chemical change of substances is often accompanied by various phenomena, such as (luminescence and heat generation), (gas generation), (color change) and (sediment generation). (memory)
12, the change of matter is closely related to our life. For example, making a thermometer by using the principle of (material expands when it heats up and contracts when it cools) belongs to (physical change); Another example is that the content of carbon dioxide in the air is getting higher and higher, which leads to increasingly serious environmental problems such as global warming and land desertification. (understand)
13. Through the observation and comparison of iron sheet and rust, I found that rust is (reddish brown), (notched), (dull), (nonconductive), (unable to be attracted by magnets), (rough) and so on. (memory)
14. In daily life, many material changes belong to physical changes, such as (origami), (water freezes), (hot water), (beans mixed with sand) and so on. (understand)
15. Hold the nail with tweezers and immerse a part in copper sulfate solution. After a while, take out the nail. It can be found that there are (new substances attached) on the surface of nails immersed in the solution, and the color of blue copper sulfate liquid will (lighten), which belongs to (chemical change). (understand)
16, the gas (carbon dioxide) produced by mixing baking soda and white vinegar has the characteristics of (no combustion-supporting), (heavier than air) and (colorless and transparent). (memory)
What foods contain starch? (memory)
kind
Food name
Starchy food
Corn, potato, sweet potato, apple, bread, steamed bread, pumpkin.
Starch food
Cauliflower, carrot, white radish, spinach, tomato, orange, sugar and onion.
18. In production practice, what methods do people generally adopt to prevent and slow down the rust of iron products? (memory)
Answer: (1) alloy material; (2) coating a protective layer on the surface of the iron product; (3) Keep the surface of iron products clean and dry.
Attached:
1. What are the main environmental problems facing the world now? (memory)
A: 1, garbage pollution; 2. Water pollution; 3. Air pollution. In addition, there are: white pollution, sharp decline in species, land desertification, acid rain and so on.
Please make a family water-saving plan: (memory)
Answer: 1, wash your face with a basin; 2. Taomi water is used to wash dishes; 3, shower water is used to flush the toilet; Fish water is used to water flowers and plants; Use water-saving appliances, etc.
What will you do to reduce the environmental problems of "white pollution"? (memory)
A: Bring your own shopping bag when shopping; The store gives less plastic bags; Reuse existing plastic bags; Bring a vegetable basket and a cloth bag when buying food; Bring your own tableware when dining at work or school; Go out to eat and use less plastic fast food boxes. Collect waste plastic products and sell them to waste purchasing stations for recycling and refining.
Unit 3 Universe
First, fill in the blanks:
1, the moon is the earth's (satellite), its radius is about the radius of the earth (1/4), its gravity is the earth's (1/6), the average distance from the earth is about (380,000 kilometers), and the temperature difference between day and night is (3 10℃. (memory)
2.1In July 1969, the American manned spacecraft (Apollo 1 1) landed on the moon successfully. The first man to land on the moon was an American (Armstrong). (memory)
Most craters on the moon are (circular), some are single, some are (stacked together), and some are (big ring and small ring). (understand)
4. In the speculation of the cause of the formation of lunar craters, the accepted view is (meteorite impact theory). (memory)
The moon goes around the earth (from west to east). (understand)
6. The moon is a (unlit) (opaque) sphere, and the moonlight we see is the light it reflects (the sun).
7. The various shapes of the moon during the alternation of the moon and the moon are called (moon phases). (memory)
8. The moon phase is actually the part of the moon that people see from the earth illuminated by (the sun). (memory)
In ancient times, people had a special name for the moon phase. The "first day" is called (new moon) and the "fifteenth day" is called (full moon). (Memory) 10, the change law of the moon phase in a month is (from missing to round, from round to missing). (memory)
1 1, there are three kinds of solar eclipses (total eclipse) (partial eclipse) (annular eclipse) and only two kinds of lunar eclipses (total eclipse); The solar eclipse occurs on the first day of the lunar calendar, and the lunar eclipse occurs on the fifteenth or sixteenth day of the lunar calendar. (memory)
12. The sun is the only star in the solar system, with a diameter of about (1.4 million) kilometers. (memory)
13, and the surface temperature of the sun is (5570) k; The internal temperature is (15 million) k (understood)
14. The solar system is a celestial system centered on (the sun) and composed of (eight planets), (dwarf planets) and (small celestial bodies). The average distances from these planets to the sun are (Mercury), (Venus), (Earth), (Mars), (Jupiter), (Saturn), (Uranus) and (Neptune). (memory)
15, people divide the stars that seem to keep the same distance from each other into a group and different regions, and name them after the shapes of people, animals or other objects. People call these areas (constellations). One of the constellations is particularly famous for its meteor shower. This constellation is Leo. (memory)
16. The obvious sign of Ursa Major is the seven bright stars (the Big Dipper) that we are familiar with. There is a famous (Polaris) in Ursa minor in the northern sky. (memory)
17, "Summer Triangle" refers to Tianjin IV (Cygnus), Vega (Lyra) and Altair (Eagle). (understand)
18. The shining galactic belt in the sky is actually a cluster of stars, which is called (Milky Way) by people and (Milky Way) by Europeans, with a diameter of about (65438+ million light years). (memory)
19, the speed of light propagation is 300,000 kilometers per second, and (light years) is the distance that light travels in one year. (memory)
Second, short answer questions:
1, the cause of the solar eclipse?
A: When the moon moves between the sun and the earth, if the three are in a straight line, an eclipse will occur.
2. What is the cause of the solar eclipse?
A: When the moon moves to the back of the earth, if the three are in a straight line, an eclipse will occur.
Unit 4 Environment and Us
1. At present, the main methods of garbage disposal are (landfill) and (incineration). Simple landfill and incineration will also cause environmental pollution. (memory)
2. Parks and stadiums can be built on landfills, but houses and crops cannot be built. (understand)
3. (reducing the amount of garbage) is the way to solve the garbage problem from the source. (memory)
4. Excessive packaging will waste resources and produce a lot of garbage, and the abuse of plastic bags will also cause environmental pollution. (understand)
5. (Reuse) refers to using the used goods for many times or in another way, which is also an important way to reduce garbage. (memory)
6. Garbage can be divided into kitchen waste, recyclable garbage, toxic harmful waste and other garbage. Domestic garbage can generally be divided into recyclable garbage, kitchen waste and other garbage. (memory)
7. Kitchen waste includes: peels, leftovers, etc. Recyclable garbage includes: paper products, metal products, plastic products, glass products and rubber; Toxic and harmful wastes include expired drugs, syringes, waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes and waste water silver thermometers; Other rubbish includes: bricks and tiles, ceramics, toilet waste paper. (memory)
8. To effectively recycle garbage, we must change the habit of garbage (mixed loading) and carry out domestic garbage (classified and repackaged) to facilitate the treatment of toxic garbage. Waste batteries and medical wastes are wastes that need to be treated carefully. (understand)
9. (Composting) can effectively reduce garbage and form fertilizer. (memory)
10, China is a country short of water resources, and the total amount of water resources ranks sixth in the world. In terms of per capita water resources, the per capita possession is 2500 cubic meters, which is 1/4 of the world's per capita water, ranking 1 10 in the world, and being listed as one of the 13 water-poor countries by the United Nations. (understand)
1 1. The pollution source of water may come from (agricultural sewage), (industrial sewage), (domestic sewage), or from animal carcasses. It can be seen that water pollution is mainly caused by human activities. (memory)
12. The tap water sources in most areas come from (reservoirs), (lakes) and (rivers). Tap water is the main source (drinking water), so you can't take a bath. (memory)
13, sewage treatment is more complicated, and it is generally purified by three methods, namely, (precipitation), (filtration) and sterilization by adding drugs. (memory)
14. The pollution we are facing is (garbage pollution) (water pollution) and (air pollution). In addition, there are environmental problems such as "white pollution" (plastic products) and (accelerated extinction of species). (memory)
15, (indiscriminate hunting by human beings) and (over-exploitation and utilization) make many biological resources on the verge of exhaustion. (memory)
16 is an effective way to protect biodiversity. (memory)
17. Advantages and disadvantages of landfill and incineration: (memory)
Landfill method
Incineration
superiority
Convenient and low in cost.
It occupies less land, avoids groundwater pollution and uses heat.
question
Land occupation and slow decomposition of garbage may pollute groundwater.
Consumption of electric energy may cause secondary pollution.
19. Connect the sewage treatment process with a straight line: (understood)
Preliminary treatment and natural purification
Re-treatment precipitation
Additional treatment filtering
20, the role of each part of the landfill:
Cushion: to prevent direct contact between garbage and soil; (memory)
Filtrate collection pool and treatment pool: prevent polluted water from infiltrating into soil and groundwater; (understand)
Exhaust pipe: exhaust combustible gas and toxic gas produced by fermentation. (memory)
Monitoring well: monitor the status of soil and groundwater near the landfill site at any time. (understand)
2 1, and the gas related to global warming is mainly carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels (oil, natural gas and coal) is the main cause of acid rain. (memory)
22. The ways to reduce garbage are: (1) reduce the discard; (2) reuse; (3) recycling. (memory)