How to treat science and liberal arts objectively
It should be said that science has spread to almost all fields related to human development today, and it is difficult to simply distinguish it with the concept of discipline. But from the spiritual point of view, science is mainly devoted to seeking truth, exploring the mysteries of nature and understanding the laws of nature through the continuous efforts of generations of scientists. Engineering is mainly devoted to seeking goodness, making full use of nature on the basis of understanding nature, rationally transforming nature, benefiting mankind and creating scientific wealth for mankind; Liberal arts is mainly devoted to seeking beauty, creating human spirit, promoting human culture and enlightening human thinking. It can be said that any subject is an indispensable part of the survival and development of human society.
If he chooses science, he must have a strong curiosity about the exploration of natural mysteries, a dream of becoming a scientist, the determination to solve the unsolved natural mysteries of predecessors, and the ability to abandon all kinds of interference and devote himself wholeheartedly to scientific discovery. Throughout the development history of natural science and the growth history of great scientists, it is not difficult to find that curiosity and interest are the driving force for realizing scientific dreams. Now it is found that all scientists who have made outstanding contributions in the field of engineering, almost without exception, have a strong science foundation, which is also the fundamental reason why people choose to strengthen the basic study of science in some way at the university level.
If he chooses science, he must have a solid theoretical foundation, the ability to quickly accept new scientific discoveries, the desire to transform nature, and the potential to find problems and create new theoretical methods in the process of transforming nature. He is required to be creative and be able to use scientific knowledge flexibly to transform nature and create wealth; He is required to have a pragmatic and rigorous scientific spirit, and a small mistake may bring huge material waste and even social disaster; If he is required to have rich humanistic knowledge, an uninfected person cannot become a modern entrepreneur and establish his own corporate culture. Modern engineering training is to cultivate compound talents with solid theoretical foundation and mastery of this subject and modern management science.
If he chooses liberal arts, he must have the desire to become the founder of spiritual wealth in modern society, the feelings of inheriting and carrying forward the essence of national culture, and the dream of being a person with both ability and political integrity who is close to the people. Today's liberal arts not only pay attention to classic learning, but also pay attention to the comprehensive intersection of various disciplines, emphasizing the cross-integration of humanistic spirit and scientific spirit.
With the progress of society and the development of science and technology, the boundary between science and engineering has become increasingly blurred, and the intersection and infiltration of science and engineering has become a common phenomenon in the field of scientific research. There are many applied scientific research works in science disciplines, while there are many basic theoretical research topics in engineering disciplines. Nowadays, many important applied researches in science pay attention to the strong practical background of engineering; Nowadays, many major developments in engineering depend on the innovation of basic principles. Based on the comprehensive strength of science and engineering, Tsinghua University has complementary advantages and common development, which is like a rainbow. It is an indisputable fact that Tsinghua has first-class engineering courses in China, but many people don't fully understand that it has first-class science courses. -------------the number of SCI papers is an important indicator of the theoretical research level of basic disciplines, ranking first in Tsinghua year after year. The research funding for basic research in Tsinghua is as high as 300 million yuan, which is far ahead among domestic universities. The connotation of modern engineering is the application of basic research, not simple operation. Any breakthrough in applied foundation and patented technology will change our life and enhance our international competitiveness in an all-round way. The number of patents is an important symbol of a country's innovation ability and industrialization. In this sense, Tsinghua University is a truly research-oriented comprehensive university.
The drive of interest and curiosity is an important driving force for a person to become a talent. It is difficult for students to fully grasp what they are really interested in only by what they have learned in middle school, and it is even more difficult to choose the subjects they are really interested in. This requires universities to create conditions for science and engineering students and liberal arts students, so that they can constantly adjust their choice direction and turn from one field to another on the basis of being familiar with different disciplines and their own interests and potentials in the process of university study and development. Tsinghua University's concept of general education and the training mode with thick foundation and wide caliber undoubtedly provide students with the best environment and more choices. Every year, many science students in Tsinghua re-select the best engineering courses in China, many engineering courses are transferred to the science courses they were interested in since childhood, and many science students are transferred to their favorite subjects of economic management and law. At the same time, the "basic science class" (two classes of mathematical physics and biochemistry) is selected for the science and engineering students of the whole school; The "liberal arts experimental class" and "Chinese and foreign cultural comprehensive class" are selected for all students, providing good opportunities for students who are interested in joining the basic sciences and humanities. Tsinghua University's multi-discipline and the integration of science, engineering, literature, law and art provide the best discipline chain and the richest development space for talent training.
2. How to establish a correct concept of topic selection
Society needs talents of different disciplines and levels. Today, people have realized that the imparting of knowledge and the cultivation of subject skills are only one aspect of university education. Universities are places where quality education and ability training can really be carried out. The important task of a university is to cultivate students' ability to discover, study and solve problems, and learn to study, think and study. If we pay attention to these aspects, we can establish a correct concept of topic selection. It can be said that we should attach importance to the choice of disciplines, but we should not overemphasize the choice of disciplines. The most important thing is the choice of universities, not the choice of disciplines. We should choose a university with strong comprehensive strength, advanced training concept and reasonable training mode. Of course, the correct choice of subjects will provide many convenient conditions for students to become talents.
1. The choice of subjects should consider the needs of society. As a developing country, China needs a large number of engineering talents to transform nature, create wealth and engage in national economic construction. Students who are determined to achieve the great cause of national development and national rejuvenation should choose appropriate engineering majors. The country is developing China's software, biology, new energy, microelectronics and other industries, and is building major projects such as "South-to-North Water Diversion Project", "West-to-East Gas Transmission Project", "National Networking", peaceful use of nuclear energy, clean coal combustion, coal-to-oil production and Olympic Games. Most of the 863 high-tech projects in China are engineering research projects. The demand of the country provides broad employment and opportunities to realize the value of life for future engineering students.
2. When choosing a subject, you should consider your own interests and development potential. Compared with engineering, science requires students to have stronger personal interests and dreams of becoming scientists. Many students like mathematics since childhood, and some people show special interest in physics, chemistry, biology and life sciences, and are curious about some natural mysteries, all of which are important prerequisites for becoming scientists. From great scientists Galileo, Newton, Gauss and Einstein in history to famous mathematicians Hua and famous physicists, they have been curious about many mysteries of natural science since childhood. Of course, not all students who choose science can realize their dream of becoming scientists in the future. Interest, potential and diligence are indispensable. After graduation, only those students with excellent academic performance and development potential can engage in teaching and scientific research in universities and research institutes, continue to engage in theoretical research and realize their scientific dreams. Because of their strong basic theory, most science students can easily transfer to other engineering fields, and perform the brilliance of blending science and engineering, transforming nature and creating wealth with students with engineering backgrounds. 3. Admission to the college entrance examination and its own conditions:
First, the change of college entrance examination mode in 2007
In fact, from the first year of high school this year, due to the implementation of the new curriculum reform, the 2007 college entrance examination adopted the "3+X+ 1" model. "3" here refers to Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages (each 150); "X" is a small comprehensive subject (accounting for 200 points), with politics, history and geography in liberal arts and physics, chemistry and biology in science; "1" is the comprehensive ability (accounting for 100). In addition to art, science and technology, physical education and health, liberal arts students should also take exams in physics, chemistry and biology, while science students should also take exams in politics, history and geography. From this perspective, "1" is actually a synthesis. Therefore, some people call the form of college entrance examination in 2007 "3+ small comprehensive+big comprehensive". Although the total score is still 750, compared with the current "3+X" model, the comprehensive ability subject only gets 100 from the current "X", but this change puts forward higher requirements for students: First, although the total score has not changed, the weight of each Kobe has changed; Second, the number of examination subjects has increased significantly, and the examination has moved closer to improving students' comprehensive quality; Third, it is more difficult for students to review and prepare for the exam, or the burden on students increases. This is the same as the senior high school entrance examination. No matter how few subjects, as long as they have a certain score, students will go all out to prepare and strive for higher scores. As far as the setting of college entrance examination subjects is concerned, no matter whether you study arts or sciences, all subjects should be involved. Therefore, this year's liberal arts division in senior one is not so important. Although arts and sciences are still divided, but the emphasis is different, students who study arts can deepen and broaden their knowledge in politics, history and geography, while students who study physics, chemistry and biology only need to study and earn enough credits to graduate. For science students, the knowledge of physics, chemistry and biology has been deepened and broadened, while politics, history and geography are only compulsory contents and enough credits for graduation. It is worth noting that, regardless of arts and sciences, fine arts, technology, physical education and health are the contents of the college entrance examination, so you must be serious in your usual study, otherwise you may have to open a big gap in these aspects.
Second, a province college entrance examination data of arts and sciences
1.2003 college entrance examination data
In 2003, there were 485,207 people in the national college entrance examination, including 25. 122024 in liberal arts and 3 10544 in science, accounting for 64%. There are 59,085 key undergraduates, including 7,348 liberal arts students, accounting for 12.44%, and 30,068 science students, accounting for 50.89%. More than two * * * enrollment 129309 students, including 22772 liberal arts students, accounting for 17.6 1%, and 83425 science students, accounting for 64.52%. According to the college entrance examination plan, the proportion of arts and sciences is 1:3.66, and the most suitable proportion is 2 1.46%. Compared with the college entrance examination plan, Shandong liberal arts candidates are about 4 percentage points higher.
2.2004 college entrance examination data
In 2004, there were 566,657 people in the national college entrance examination, including liberal arts 1, 4 1, 034, accounting for 24.89%, and science 345,048, accounting for 60.89%. There are 42,649 key undergraduates, including 8,259 liberal arts students, accounting for 19.37%, and 34,390 science students, accounting for 80.63%. More than two * * * enrollment 128080 students, including liberal arts 19395 students, accounting for 15. 14%, and science 66072 students, accounting for 5 1.59%. Literature: Science = 1.3. Compared with the college entrance examination plan, Shandong liberal arts candidates are about 2 percentage points higher.
3.2005 college entrance examination data
In 2005, there were 668,390 people who took part in the national college entrance examination, including liberal arts 174, 2 19, accounting for 26.07%, and science 367,703, accounting for 55.0 1%. There are 67,999 key undergraduate programs, including 7,709 liberal arts programs, accounting for 1 1.33%, and 33,889 science programs, accounting for 49.84%. There are two or more programs144,978 students, including 26,098 students in liberal arts, accounting for 18.00%, 92,479 students in science, accounting for 63.79%, 3.54 students in literature and science, and 22.03% students in liberal arts. Compared with the college entrance examination plan, Shandong liberal arts candidates are about 4 percentage points higher.
It can be seen from the data of three-year college entrance examination in a province that according to the enrollment plan of colleges and universities, liberal arts students account for about 22%, which is consistent with the plan.
Three, a city college entrance examination data of arts and sciences
1.2003 college entrance examination data
In 2003, the number of people who took part in the national college entrance examination in a city was 19356, including 5306 in liberal arts, accounting for 27.4 1%, and 0/2559 in science, accounting for 64.88%. There are 0/487 key undergraduate students/kloc-0, including 3 17 liberal arts students, accounting for 21.365,438+0%, and 0/.70 science students, accounting for 78.68%. There are 3,079 people online (provincial military inspection line), including 585 liberal arts students, accounting for 19.00%, and 2,468 science students, accounting for 80.65,438+06%. The number of articles is 1:4.22. There are 4,760 undergraduates, 946 liberal arts students and 3,222 science students. The number of liberal arts students is 1:3.4 1, and 22.68% is consistent with the number of students admitted. Compared with the number of people admitted, the number of people taking the college entrance examination in the city has increased by nearly 5 percentage points.
2.2004 college entrance examination data
In 2004, there were 202 14 people in a city, 590 1 in liberal arts, accounting for 29. 19%, and 70.813 in science. The number of key undergraduate students is 173 1, of which 362 are liberal arts, accounting for 20.9 1%, and 79.09% are science 1369. There are 3703 people who have two or more books online (provincial military inspection line), 758 people in liberal arts, accounting for 20.47%, and 2945 people in science, accounting for 79.53%. There are 5702 undergraduates, liberal arts students 1 130, accounting for 19.8 1%, 3669 science students, accounting for 64.35%, liberal arts students = 1: 3.25, and liberal arts students accounting for 23.5%. Compared with the number of people admitted, the number of people taking the college entrance examination in the city has increased by more than 5 percentage points.
3.2005 college entrance examination data
In 2005, the number of people who took part in the national college entrance examination was 2808 1 person, including 7688 in liberal arts, accounting for 27.38%, and 65438 in science, accounting for 56. 10%. There are 1.856 key undergraduate students, including 3 liberal arts students 1 .5, accounting for 1.97%, and science students1person, accounting for 83.03%. There are 39 12 people in the second edition (provincial military inspection line), including 695 people in liberal arts, accounting for 17.77%, 32 17 people in science, accounting for 82.23%, and 4.63 people in liberal arts1. The number of liberal arts candidates is about 9 percentage points higher than that of the college entrance examination.
Based on the city's three-year college entrance examination, it is more appropriate to control the number of liberal arts candidates at around 19% relative to the number of online candidates.
Fourth, choose the best proportion of arts and sciences.
From the comparison between the number of candidates taking the exam and the planned number or the number of students admitted, it can be seen that the natural diversion rate of liberal arts candidates should account for about 20% of all candidates, that is, 1/5. The higher the proportion of liberal arts students, the more competitive they will be because there are fewer enrollment plans in colleges and universities. Students and parents must seize the bottleneck of the enrollment plan when choosing arts and sciences.
When choosing liberal arts, students with poor academic performance should not choose liberal arts. I thought the knowledge of liberal arts could be learned well as long as I worked hard, but it was not. It can be seen from the college entrance examination questions for more than ten years that you can't pass the college entrance examination questions by memorizing all the book knowledge. Moreover, students with poor academic performance choose liberal arts, because their enrollment school plans are few and the relative path is narrow, so it is better to choose science. Because there are many science enrollment schools and plans, there are also a wide range of ways to choose.
When choosing arts and sciences, we should also consider students' hobbies, but we should not blindly accommodate students' hobbies. Only according to hobbies without considering the actual situation of enrollment schools, even if hobbies are extensive, it is difficult to achieve the goal. Therefore, it is suggested that students and parents should make rational choices when choosing arts and sciences, do not follow their feelings, and do not blindly choose regardless of reality.
Choose liberal arts or science?
My daughter is going to be a sophomore soon. I said to her that day: Go to liberal arts! Who knows, she cried as soon as she opened her mouth: I'm not going to liberal arts, and I'm not an idiot. ...
Think about it, liberal arts seems to be easier to learn, and there are many things to recite, so you always have to get some points in the exam; On the other hand, science won't, won't and won't get a point. In fact, it is similar: students with poor academic performance can only choose liberal arts. In this way, people who study liberal arts are just idiots.
I was really wronged and accidentally hurt my daughter's self-esteem. Daughter is actually very smart. From an early age, I firmly believed that whether children study well or not is not the key, and active thinking is very important. So I have always attached great importance to cultivating her ability to analyze and reanalyze things. Like to write prose, often around the problem. In fact, it is a process of constant thinking. Many readers don't understand the main idea of every article, but my daughter does. I always say that when others turn a corner, you have to turn at least one and a half. Only in this way can you walk in front of others forever and not become a slave to others' consciousness.
I want my daughter to study liberal arts, but I don't want her to keep running from the right to the left of the equal sign or get tired of running around in the boxes of permutation and combination. It's so boring. The joy of life will be greatly reduced. Literature, history, geography and even philosophy are full of fun. For example, literature and music alone are enough to make one's mood detached. I deeply appreciate the pleasure of listening to symphonies or reading beautiful articles. I wonder how much fun there is between a lot of calculus and plasma. Say to the earth: literature and music can go to the world, and physical chemistry is at best a Nobel Prize.
As we all know, literature, history and philosophy have shaped many human thinkers and led people to take off again and again in the spiritual field; Mathematics and physics gave birth to scientists, which promoted the material enrichment of society. Thought provides vitality for science, and science also lays the foundation for thought. Who decides who, a bit like "chicken lays eggs"? Eggs and chickens? "This question. If we are still willing to believe in Markov theory, we can only choose "matter determines consciousness"-in fact, this conclusion itself belongs to the scientific category. Schopenhauer believes that "will is the ultimate reality of the world". Even "Superman" Nietzsche, after criticizing "Schopenhauer's philosophy eventually led to the denial of the meaning of life", could not give up his affirmation of this view, and suddenly turned from pessimism to grandeur. Of course, the result is still tragic ... so sometimes, we don't have to be dogmatic science. Even in western developed countries, religion still thrives. China people even admire the philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi and pay attention to "Tao and virtue". The Tao and virtue of Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi are not material, but innate and conscious-I'm afraid this question is unclear.
So empty, let's go back to our daily life and see what kind of common sense and experience we have:
Liberal arts manage people, science manages people. This seems to be a common thing for everyone, because liberal arts people are good at expressing and communicating, which is necessary for management work, while science people are not good at communicating, and they are rigorous and inflexible. Administration is a very casual job, which requires a flexible personality. Obviously, liberal arts people are more capable. A human history of China for thousands of years, not to mention the pros and cons, and regardless of the level of productivity, people can probably praise more literati than scientists. We might as well count in our hearts, how many can survive as scientists!
But liberal arts students often give people a show-off understanding, not as good as science students. Actually, I don't think it's true. First of all, shelves are not flowers. You have to say something that can conquer other people's thoughts. This is by no means everything is handy. Secondly, in real life and work, science students really seldom need to calculate carefully. The role of most people is just an abacus bead.
Han Han once said: As long as you are in the second grade, learning mathematics is enough. This guy has been talking nonsense, but what he said is really unreasonable. I can keep my mouth shut in front of Han Han, and I can teach him "what nonsense!" " As an elder, but I can't cheat my daughter. According to my experience, unless you are engaged in professional research or engineering calculation, many math problems are really of little practical value. Not to mention physical chemistry!
In recent years, a topic about "cultural responsibility in the economic era" has become the focus of discussion in many developing countries. At present, the most important conclusion is that "the end point of all economic activities is culture". Then, according to the definition of "culture" that many people like: all cultures eventually precipitate into personality-this personality is obviously not materialized, but humanistic. Science and technology only serve human beings, and only spirit is the original driving force leading human survival and development.
We can't claim that everyone is a great philosopher, but when advanced and universal ideas come, we hope to get more humanistic responses instead of immediately launching complicated calculus arguments. Only when wealth reaches its proper position can it embody its scientific and spiritual value to the maximum extent. You can even ignore how many channels it has gone through. Is it a physical change or a chemical change on the way? How did you recover?
My daughter chose a topic and then threw me out of an article. I asked for it. For my daughter, my idea is very simple, that is, I want her to study happily and grow up happily.