The Ministry of Education's "Several Opinions on Strengthening Mental Health Education in Primary and Secondary Schools" clearly points out that one of the main tasks of mental health education in primary and secondary schools is to carry out mental health education for all students, so that students can constantly understand themselves correctly and enhance their ability to control themselves, bear setbacks and adapt to the environment; Cultivate students' sound personality and good individual psychological quality. To accomplish this task, teachers should first have strong psychological education ability. Secondly, teaching activities are bilateral activities between teachers and students, which provides a good opportunity and the greatest possibility for the implementation of mental health education. Teachers can not only improve students' psychological quality, but also provide motivation and guarantee for the success of teaching by using mathematics teaching activities to implement the goal of mental health education.
Second, specific measures.
(A) a correct understanding of students' psychological state
Sun Tzu's Art of War said: "Know yourself and know yourself, and you will be invincible." . Confucius advocated that education should "teach students in accordance with their aptitude". These discussions show that understanding students is the prerequisite for the success of education. Most teachers may think, "We deal with students every day, and we don't know which one". In fact, in educational practice, it is far from enough to understand a student comprehensively and deeply, relying only on experience or superficial impression. Mental health problems have a process of development and formation, and in the process of development and formation, she may not show it in obvious forms. Therefore, to understand the psychological state of students, we must learn to distinguish between normal and abnormal. For example, teachers especially hate being too active in class, not attending classes and disturbing their classmates' children. They usually regard them as disobedient "bad children", and some even suggest that parents take their children to the hospital to see if they have ADHD. But most of the diagnosis results are not ADHD. In fact, being too active is caused by their strong curiosity, wide interests and active nature, but they have no good control since childhood, are too arbitrary and willful, and have developed the habit of being careless and willful. This is also the normal physiological needs and reactions of children in the process of growth and development. For example, carelessness in math learning is a common problem for some students with poor academic performance. However, learning skill obstacle is a "defect" phenomenon in some special learning skills, which is mainly manifested in the difficulty of special learning skills. For example, there is a girl in my class who listens carefully, has a glib tongue, and gets good grades in Chinese. However, as soon as she does math problems, she has a headache. It is difficult for her to do more than dozens of calculations. She always makes mistakes in her homework, especially abdication and subtraction. She never understood. "The previous one is smaller than the previous one. How can she borrow it? " This is an operational obstacle, not a problem of learning attitude. Another girl once went to the blackboard to do a math problem. The whole class burst into laughter because she made an amazing mistake in doing the problem. From then on, she didn't want to perform on the blackboard or speak in class. Investigate the reason.
Because it is not physical, but psychological, subconscious escape motivation is at work. For another example, among the students, there are some students who are obviously introverted, who are not interested in anyone or anything, unwilling to show themselves, never raise their hands in class, and appear shy and restrained in front of others, but this will not prevent these children from participating in group activities and completing their own learning tasks. If some students are too withdrawn, never take the initiative to communicate with others and have obvious difficulties in language expression, no matter how much effort and time they spend on learning, it will be of no help, so we have to consider their ability defects and neurophysiological factors, which is an abnormal state. In fact, among students, people with different degrees of personality defects are quite common, such as inferiority, cowardice, jealousy, narrowness, irritability and loneliness. However, most of them are in a state between good personality and personality disorder, which can be overcome as long as they are recognized and adjusted and corrected. Our teachers had better find the minor mental health problems of children at the beginning and take various measures to help them solve them.
(B) to cultivate students' psychological quality
As the organizer and implementer of students' mental health, teachers must shoulder the heavy responsibility of cultivating students' good psychological quality and improving their mental health level. This requires teachers not only to have the professional level of teaching corresponding subjects, but also to have the psychological education ability to cultivate students' good psychological quality and improve their mental health. In the process of mathematics teaching, mathematics teachers should also pay attention to observing students' psychological state, find their psychological problems in time, and be able to "guide the situation" and conduct conscious and targeted individual counseling and training. Provide help to students with psychological troubles, help them find the deep-seated reasons for their troubles and confusion, help them evaluate themselves correctly and establish a correct self-concept.
1, students who are not interested in mathematics and are afraid to do their homework. Teachers can improve their homework methods, cultivate their interest in mathematics learning and reduce their written homework according to the situation; Mathematical knowledge from life can be applied to students' lives. For example, when teaching the "Preliminary Understanding of Yuan, Jiao and Fen", I carefully designed the shopping activities in the "canteen", so that students can actively participate in the exploratory learning process in the shopping activities such as withdrawing money, exchanging money, paying money and changing money, so that students can effectively understand different denominations of RMB, and arrange for them to use RMB to buy their favorite school supplies in the supermarket after class. After learning about kilograms, I asked my students to count the number of students with different weights in the class. Organize students to play the game of "Guess the number of soybean seeds", so that students can improve their ability and interest in "using the number in quantity and learning by counting". I often arrange practical homework related to life in math class, so that students can explore the mystery of math knowledge in their spare time.
2. For children who are not in class and are active in class. The basic idea of modern moral education is that man is neither an angel nor a beast. Modern students are living people. Some people's desires are neither pure and beautiful like angels, nor brutal and cruel like beasts. If we examine carefully with the traditional educational concept, everyone is a "problem student", while we observe with the concept of quality education: everyone is an enthusiastic learner, everyone is a positive contributor, everyone is a conscious manager and everyone is a creative thinker. It depends on what kind of humanity teachers treat them: whether they treat students as unruly troublemakers or treat them as self-respecting and self-motivated talents. I believe that every excellent teacher will choose.
It is the latter. From the perspective of education, teachers can adopt the following training methods: first, they should have a correct attitude,
Be patient with active children (learn patience from Anne Sullivan Marcy, the teacher of Helen Keller, a blind woman writer), encourage more, reprimand less, forbid beating and cursing, and relieve their psychological pressure; Second, there must be appropriate requirements, reasonable requirements, and a sense of proportion; Third, we can adopt various methods of behavior training, such as handing in homework on time, developing good habits of attending classes, paying attention to training, and strengthening it in time. For example, there is a boy with ADHD in my class. In view of this situation, I have a psychological suggestion agreement with him, including his requirements for what the teacher wants him to do, the classroom behavior standards set by the teacher, the homework should reach a certain level, and the records should be checked in each class. According to the implementation, he will receive a "star" award. After corresponding long-term intensive training, his ADHD has obviously improved. If teachers use strict control methods, they may be able to treat students "honestly" temporarily, but the mental damage caused by this practice is long-term, and some of them are even incurable for life.
3. For students who can't stand setbacks. First of all, we should fully tap their advantages and affirm them, cultivate their positive attitude towards themselves, and also analyze their shortcomings, which can be changed and which are not easy to change. Secondly, we should increase the experience of success and give them more exercises from easy to difficult in class, so that they have a chance to succeed and experience a strong sense of success; Thirdly, enlarge the advantages, make up the disadvantages, urge and encourage them to express themselves as naturally as possible in various occasions, not afraid to expose their shortcomings, and often let them say "you can do it, I can do it", "try it" and "it doesn't matter".
4. For students with learning difficulties. Teachers' dignity should be printed on students' hearts, not on their faces. When students face the condescending teachers, rebellious psychology arises spontaneously, and the teaching effect naturally has little effect. Therefore, the teacher can say an encouraging word to them; Give him a trusting look; Make a caressing gesture to show a friendly attitude. The math teacher can't say, "I think this problem is easy." Why is it so difficult? "It is really difficult for students to be afraid of knowledge and say" Yes ". "When I studied it, I spent a lot of time dealing with it. But let me see if I can explain it clearly and make it easier for you to learn than me. " Then when the students master it, the teacher will seize the opportunity to praise it. For such students, we must not discriminate, be indifferent or inadvertently ignore them, otherwise the consequences will be unimaginable.
(3) Keep the mental health of learning.
"Teachers should be psychologists" is a new requirement of modern education for teachers' role. This role requires teachers not only to care about students' physical health and physical hygiene, but also to safeguard students' mental health. Pupils' psychological naivety, frankness, unobvious intimacy, easy communication and great plasticity are the best period for mental health education. In classroom teaching, mathematics teaching should also build an educational platform, eliminate all unfavorable factors that are harmful to students' mental health in teaching design, evaluation and management, prevent students' psychological obstacles caused by this, and enable students to study without heavy psychological pressure in a relaxed, harmonious and pleasant green teaching environment, thus maintaining and promoting students' mental health in learning.
First, teachers can grasp the psychological characteristics of primary school students, adopt methods that can attract attention, create a pleasant teaching atmosphere, activate the classroom atmosphere, and make students feel comfortable in their studies. For example, teaching the "Preliminary Understanding of Corner" to a new class, the teacher asked the students to listen to a song (recording and playing the team song), listen to this familiar song, and let the students recall the scene when they joined the team. What is the symbol of the Young Pioneers? (Red scarf), show me the red scarf again. Please point out the corner on the red scarf. Such a new learning task will be unconsciously accepted by students when they are still immersed in a pleasant situation.
Second, a good classroom teaching psychological atmosphere has an important influence on the improvement of teaching quality. It will not only affect students' emotional state, but also affect students' personality development, and have a far-reaching impact on students' interest in learning, exploration spirit, independent consciousness and creative ability. In the teaching of good psychological environment, teachers should not only pay attention to those students who are inattentive, afraid to answer questions loudly, unwilling to use their brains and afraid of teachers' questions (because these classroom reactions show that such students have psychological problems), but also can not ignore the psychological health of those ordinary children, including those who are considered "good students" and "good children". These children look normal and have no psychological problems. But in fact, they may have potential unhealthy factors, which are not clearly shown because of their personality characteristics or because there are no outstanding events leading to their psychological problems.
Thirdly, teachers can set up a reward system for most students to encourage them to study and strive to be "star" students, such as "star of learning progress", "star of active speech", "star of homework", "star of missing questions" and "star of unity", so that most students can get timely and effective encouragement and stimulate their enterprising spirit and self-esteem. Students are not judged by their academic achievements. If students don't do well in exams, are criticized by teachers and laughed at by classmates, they will feel that they are nothing like others, and gradually form a fear of exams, which will seriously affect the development of mental health. Therefore, teachers should strengthen the diagnostic function of examination, downplay the value evaluation function of examination, avoid using punitive control skills, avoid sarcasm and satire on students, and do not hurt students' self-esteem and self-confidence, especially the personality of underachievers, so as to avoid adverse effects on students' psychological development due to their negligence.
In the process of mathematics teaching, teachers should try their best to meet the basic needs of students in safety, knowledge, aesthetics, self-esteem, respect and love, so that they can show full enthusiasm and concentration in the learning process, and at the same time let them often feel various positive emotions and emotional experiences. Mathematics teachers should strengthen the training of students' psychological quality while imparting knowledge, so as to promote the development of psychological health and form good psychological quality.