The richness of materials and the vividness of teaching AIDS are the first way to promote children's autonomous learning.
The characteristic of children's thinking is concreteness, and operating materials are the cornerstone of children's thinking. Homework materials can stimulate children's enthusiasm for active exploration and help them complete the teaching process. Therefore, in mathematics education activities, the selection and placement of materials is particularly important. In the delivery of materials, according to children's age characteristics and interest requirements, deliver enough operational, interesting and playful activity materials. Appropriate selection of activity materials, in order to let children better understand different game materials and have a greater impact on children's active learning spirit, I put different activity materials, ready-made and homemade popular science toys, classified pictures, decomposition boxes, calculation boxes, waste materials that children can operate or participate in the production, etc. Let children observe different activity materials, so as to attract children to take the initiative to carry out activities in the science area. Then redesign the classification pictures, calculation boxes and classification boxes that children find boring, and create a set of lovely and beautiful "magic clips" series toys, so that children can clip cute feet for crabs and caterpillars, beautiful rays for the sun and beautiful feathers for peacocks through these small plastic clips with different colors and shapes. In this way, in the hands-on operation, not only help children to carry out classification activities, practice addition and subtraction and number decomposition, but also actively use their brains to dress these beautiful things more beautifully and vividly according to the shape, color and size of the clip. For example, some children will clip crabs with eight feet with different movements, and some children will dress peacock feathers more beautifully. At the same time, they will use plastic clips of different colors, shapes and sizes to carry out classification activities, thus fully mobilizing the spirit of children's active exploration and achieving the purpose of learning. According to the characteristics that children like to play with magnets, I created a computer learning tool called "Cat Fishing". Children can catch fish with a fishing rod with a magnet, with a formula written on their body and a paper clip in their mouth, catch fish according to the principle of magnets, and count the number of test questions, thus arousing children's desire to explore actively and cultivating their spirit of active learning. In addition, while paying attention to adjusting the activity materials at any time, I pay attention to the difficulty and level of the materials, so that each child can find the suitable materials according to his own level, thus fully mobilizing the enthusiasm and initiative of the children. The openness, operability and difficulty of materials have a very important influence on children's active exploration. At the same time, using intuitive teaching AIDS and wall charts can also attract children and cultivate their initiative in learning. For example, if a large class has a certain number concept, it is possible to adopt the method of solving multiple problems in mathematics. Choosing a picture in picture calculation contains many formulas. For example, there are six cars on the wall chart. In terms of categories, there are five cars and one motorcycle. From the position, there are four cars on the bridge and two under the bridge; From the color point of view, there are three red cars, three red cars, and then using the learned exchange law, children can write formulas quickly. In the next 7, 8, 9, 10 teaching, the teacher only needs to show a picture, and the children can make their own arrangements according to the contents in the picture. In the whole process, children are always in the effective thinking range of active exploration, positive thinking, finding answers and shortening operation time.
Second, set questions to stimulate interest and stimulate children's independent learning.
"Learning begins with thinking, and thinking begins with doubt". Doubt is the starting point of exploration, and interest is the engine of knowledge. People's thinking process begins with problem situations, which are emotionally attractive and can arouse children's interest in learning and stimulate their curiosity and curiosity. In the process of mathematics teaching, I set up problem situations, solve doubts while setting doubts, distract children's thinking, do everything possible to mobilize vitality from children's inner body and mind, arouse children's curiosity and stimulate their interest in learning. Starting from the child's dominant position and centering on the teaching purpose, I actively inspire and enthusiastically encourage children to ask questions, encourage them to explore questions boldly, make them never dare to ask questions, and guide them to consciously participate in learning. For example, learning the ordinal number of 5, I created a "zoo" situation in the activity room, set up a row of houses for cats, dogs, chickens, sheep and rabbits, and posted several pictures in each animal's home (there are five identical animals in each picture, and one of them has a different color and a different position in each picture). At the beginning of the activity, I let the children observe freely by visiting the "zoo" and asked them to count: How many kinds of animals are there in the zoo? Where is the puppy's home? At this time, some children said that the puppy family ranked second, and some children said that the puppy family ranked fourth. I have a question: Why do puppies have different family orders? Through such doubts, children's interest in learning is induced. After mobilizing children's interest in learning, please ask them to solve their own doubts: children count in different directions. From left to right, the puppy family ranks second, from right to left, the puppy family ranks fourth. Then let children freely look for animal pictures, guide them to observe the pictures, actively look for the order of animals with different colors in the pictures, and let them queue up to find animals, and continue their independent learning activities with 5 as the ordinal number. Through the interaction between children and the environment, children can explore their thinking from questioning to solving doubts, from exploration to practice, stimulate their enthusiasm for expressing their opinions boldly, stimulate their interest in learning, give play to their main role and cultivate their autonomous learning ability.
Third, create a role atmosphere and cultivate children's independent learning.
Games are children's favorite teaching activities, which enable children to learn and master knowledge in a relaxed and pleasant atmosphere, and role games are the most dynamic and comprehensive activities in kindergartens. Carrying out role-playing activities can not only give full play to children's subjective initiative, but also promote the cultivation of children's practical ability and the development of autonomous learning, which is a more effective teaching form to cultivate children's autonomous learning. For example, when reviewing the self-made application problem of addition within 5, I organized the activity of playing the role game "department store", so that children could play the roles of salesman, customer and salesman respectively, and provide a variety of goods within 5. The rules of the game are as follows: the salesman said that the condition of the application problem is "How many ××× (product name) are there in the counter", and the customer said that another condition of the application problem is "I want to buy ()×××××", and the salesman said that the problem of the application problem is: How many ()××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××××× The salesperson said the answer was: "() XXX left". Game activities can carry out various forms of autonomous learning and training by changing conditions and roles. At the beginning of the activity, there will be some problems because the children are not familiar with the roles they play and the dialogue between them. At this time, I will patiently guide and encourage children to play boldly, and encourage them by choosing the best salespeople, customers and salesmen, so that the game can go on smoothly soon. Through this interesting and entertaining role-playing activity, children's feelings about the beauty of mathematics are established, children's interest and hobbies in learning are stimulated, and children's autonomy is cultivated in children-centered and enjoyable activities.
Fourth, "teachers through observation, purposeful and targeted organization and guidance is the only way to stimulate children's autonomous learning.
Teachers are the organizers and guides of the educational process. Teachers should observe children, understand their learning characteristics and development level, and study educational strategies on this basis. Teachers' guidance is not only reflected in direct teaching, but also in the subtle influence on children with their own personality charm. I don't think teachers should rush to interrupt children's activities and explain their views when guiding them. The second is to observe what children are playing first, and then educate them according to their existing ideas. For example, in the large class classification activity, I asked my children to classify animals according to viviparous and oviparous. Some children are not classified according to the teacher's requirements, but are playing with pictures by themselves. I didn't organize him immediately, but participated in his activities and found that he was sorting animal cards into three categories: flying in the sky, running on the ground and swimming in the water. At this time, I praised him for his good score, and then further helped him understand what viviparous animals are and what oviparous animals are. According to the depth of children's understanding of animals, I guide children to further master the living habits, shapes and characteristics of animals (hibernating or not hibernating, quadrupeds and bipeds, carnivores and herbivores, reptiles, amphibians, etc. ). According to these characteristics of animals, I also inspire children to score, and see how you score and on what basis. , children not only completed the custom classification standard, but also carried out multi-angle classification. At the same time, teachers fully mobilize children's initiative in learning and cultivate children's spirit of autonomous learning.
Children are not containers of passive acceptance. Their feedback can stimulate teachers' educational ideas and expand their educational skills. Teachers should be good at using, discovering and grasping. For example, in the activity of knowing cubes in large classes, I helped children understand that cubes have six faces and twelve faces. I have prepared a lot of cubes, large and small, for children to feel for themselves, but it is still difficult for children to understand, and their enthusiasm for learning is gradually declining. At this time, I deliberately handed this difficult problem to the child: "How do I know how many sides and faces a cube has?" Please let the children think of a good way. "At this time, the children's interest came, and some said that the cube could be disassembled; Some say that you can count cubes and write a number on each face in order; Others say that each face of a cube can be painted with different colors, and there are as many faces as there are colors. As for the edge, the child came up with many methods, such as measuring with a string and a matchstick. I provided corresponding materials according to the child's ideas, achieving the purpose of teaching and learning.
Fifth, cultivating children's interest in mathematics and developing children's creative thinking is the ultimate goal of cultivating children's active study habits.
In children's mathematics teaching, teachers should not only teach children simple mathematics knowledge, but also teach children how to master knowledge and cultivate their interest in mathematics. To cultivate children's interest in learning mathematics from an early age, it is necessary to create conditions related to thinking and develop children's creative thinking. For example, providing children with thinking materials is a good way to stimulate their interest in learning. For example, in the activity of "identifying height", I first guide children to find the height difference of things around them through observation; Then mobilize the children's existing knowledge and experience, that is, they have mastered the color, shape and size signs and can use them flexibly, so that children can learn to draw inferences and design their own height signs; Then let the children practice height sorting in groups with markers designed by themselves. The whole activity children are always the main body of the activity. I guided the children to explore and think actively through one question after another, and their learning enthusiasm was fully mobilized. The child's mind is very active in the whole activity. All kinds of height markers designed make children not only love to learn, learn and learn, but also constantly master new methods in learning.
In short, in all aspects of the day's activities, teachers should create conditions, set questions, guide children to operate, seize the opportunity to guide children to contact with existing knowledge and experience, let children see the multifaceted nature of things, think from different angles, cultivate children's multi-thinking ability, and further stimulate children's desire to learn actively. Piaget, a famous Swiss psychologist and mathematician, once said: "As teachers, we educate our children. Since we teach children, we should understand how children think and how they learn ... ". Teaching activities are bilateral activities between teaching and learning. In kindergarten mathematics teaching, only by grasping children's learning psychology, cultivating children's active and independent learning and stimulating children's interest in mathematics can teachers lay a solid foundation for their future systematic learning.