1, expression

The expression of abacus mental arithmetic is a kind of "esperanto". When "Pearl Elephant" 3 appeared, it became "Pearl Elephant" 4, which was understood by China, Malays, Indians and people of other races. As an educational tool, numbers are incomparable. Abacus mental arithmetic is a logical thinking with physical images, which accords with children's psychological characteristics.

Abacus mental arithmetic is consistent with people's thinking order from a high position. The mental operation of "virtual abacus" is a remarkable feature of abacus mental arithmetic, which enables students to form excellent brain thinking function in the brain. Abacus mental arithmetic is a catalyst to promote people's development from low-frequency thinking to high-frequency thinking.

2. Calculating features

Abacus mental arithmetic itself has the characteristics of grouping calculation, which can undoubtedly help children who have difficulty in calculating large numbers to master the concept of logarithm and overcome the phenomenon of children counting one by one. Abacus mental arithmetic has the characteristics of "five liters decimal system", which greatly reduces the carrying difficulty. Abacus mental arithmetic has the characteristics of operation model, which is helpful to improve children's computing ability.

The operation of abacus mental arithmetic is a collaborative process of various sensory organs and motor organs, which requires the close cooperation of eyes, ears and mouth. So as to promote the development of the corresponding parts of the cerebral cortex closely connected with it and improve the intelligence level of children.

3. Mathematical relations

Abacus mental arithmetic is inseparable from mathematics. Abacus mental arithmetic is a unique computing system based on mathematical principles, using abacus as a tool and using abacus to represent numbers. Mathematics is an abstract thinking activity, and it is difficult to learn mathematics because of poor abstract thinking ability in childhood. Integrating abacus mental arithmetic into primary school mathematics is conducive to solving the problem of difficult mathematics learning in the enlightenment stage.

In the current primary school mathematics textbooks, the tedious calculation process wastes a lot of time for primary school students. Practice shows that abacus mental arithmetic saves about 50% of thinking and division saves about 70% of thinking. Multiplication and division operations pay special attention to the simplification of "genes". Numbers and beads are symbols.

Abacus mental arithmetic has only three symbols, namely 1, 5, 0; Mathematics has 10 symbols, namely 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. It can be seen that abacus mental arithmetic is simple to operate. The intuitive model function of abacus mental arithmetic can cultivate children's mathematical concept ability, and the analytical model function of abacus mental arithmetic can help children understand the structural relationship and quantitative relationship of application problems and improve their problem-solving ability.

4, operation process

In mental arithmetic, symbols are input and symbols are output. This process is actually a comprehensive process of observation, attention, memory and thinking, and it is also the result of the synergistic effect of sensory and motor organs such as mouth, eyes and hands. Both abacus mental arithmetic and mathematics adopt decimal calculation method, and abacus mental arithmetic only adds a "five-liter system" that plays a regulating role.

The operation is based on addition and subtraction within 20, multiplication and division in the table, and some laws and properties in the four operations are applicable. The process of mental abacus calculation is completed through the comprehensive application of logical thinking, image thinking and inspiration thinking, which can effectively promote the development of the overall function of the brain.

Extended data

affect

The arrangement and difficulty of the textbook "Fast Mental Arithmetic" is a fast calculation that closely follows the syllabus of primary school mathematics and integrates with junior high school algebra, which is simpler than the primary school textbook. Simplify written calculation and strengthen oral calculation. It is simple, easy to learn and interesting. After a short period of training, primary school students can write answers directly by adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing, not vertically.

Special effect of quick mental arithmetic

I have learned all the multiplication, division, addition and subtraction of any multi-digit number above grade three.

Addition and subtraction of high two digits, multiplication of two digits, division of one digit.

First grade, multi-digit addition and subtraction.

Kindergarten classes should learn multi-digit addition and subtraction, which is tailor-made for preschool children, so that they can calculate the primary school mouth in advance. This is helpful for children to learn mental arithmetic quickly in kindergarten and go to primary school later.

Children no longer use draft paper to do their homework, but write answers directly.

Fast mental arithmetic is different from abacus mental arithmetic and palm mental arithmetic. The fast mental arithmetic invented by Niu Hongwei, a teacher in Xi 'an, mainly trains children to do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division quickly through certain rules in textbooks. "Quick mental arithmetic" is helpful to improve the order, logic and sensitivity of children's thinking and behavior, and train children's eyes, hands and brain to react synchronously and quickly. The calculation method is consistent with mathematics in primary and secondary schools, so it is very popular with parents of young children.

Baidu encyclopedia-abacus mental arithmetic

Baidu encyclopedia-mental arithmetic